液氦环境中的热电子发射、多电子泡和新型电子收集器
Thermionic Emission, Multielectron Bubbles, and A Novel Electron Collector in a Liquid Helium Environment
摘要：
我们研究了两种在液氦环境中产生电子的技术。一个是在气相中的低温电池与超流氦膜覆盖所有表面的钨丝的电子发射;另一个是操作浸没在散装液氦的发光灯丝。给出了稳态和快速扫描I-V曲线及电子电流产额。这些具有负动态电阻区的曲线与真空管灯丝的曲线明显不同。采用一种新型的低温汽相电子收集器测量发射电流，该收集器可去除收集器表面的氦绝缘膜。我们还讨论了我们在液氦中用一种新方法产生多电子泡（MEBs）的成果。
英文摘要：
We study two techniques to create electrons in a liquid helium environment. One is thermionic emission of tungsten filaments in a low temperature cell in the vapor phase with a superfluid helium film covering all surfaces; the other is operating a glowing filament immersed in bulk liquid helium. We present both the steady state and rapid sweep I-V curves and the electron current yield. These curves, having a negative dynamic resistance region, differ remarkably from those of a vacuum tube filament. A novel low temperature vapor-phase electron collector for which the insulating helium film on the collector surface can be removed is used to measure emission current. We also discuss our achievement of producing multi-electron bubbles (MEBs) in liquid helium by a new method.
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