In the deconfined phase of quark-gluon plasma, it seems that most of the quarks, antiquarks and gluons should be effectively free in the absence of the linear confining potential. However, the remaining Coulomb-type potential between quarks in the plasma could still be sufficiently strong that certain bound states, notably of heavy quarks such as $J/ψ$ are stable even in the deconfined plasma up to a certain temperature. Baryons can also exist in the deconfined phase provided that the density is sufficiently large.
We study three kinds of exotic multi-quark bound states in the deconfined phase of quark-gluon plasma from gravity dual models in addition to the normal baryon. They are $k$-baryon, $(N+\bar{k})$-baryon and a bound state of $j$ mesons which we call "$j$-mesonance". Binding energies and screening lengths of these exotic states are studied and are found to have similar properties to those of mesons and baryons at the leading order. Phase diagram for the exotic nuclear phases is subsequently studied in the Sakai-Sugimoto model. Even though the exotics are less stable than normal baryons, in the region of high chemical potential and low temperature, they are more stable thermodynamically than the vacuum and chiral-symmetric quark-gluon plasma phases ($χ$S-QGP).
我们用微扰和非微扰模型讨论了QCD退禁闭相的低质量双轻子速率($\le 1$ GeV),并与格点规范理论和介质中强子气体的结果进行了比较.我们的分析表明,在很低的不变质量($ M\le 200$ MeV)使用非微扰胶子凝聚体在半经验的方式内的格林函数的速率占主导地位的Born率和独立的任何不确定性与选择的强耦合微扰理论。另一方面,从$ρ-q$相互作用在退精细阶段的速率是重要的200兆电子伏之间的$\le M \le 1 GeV as it is almost of same order of the Born-rate as well as in-medium hadron gas rate. Also the higher order perturbative rate, leaving aside its various uncertainties, from HTL approximation becomes reliable at $ M \ge 200 $ MeV and also becomes comparable with the Born-rate and the lattice-rate for $ M \ge 500$兆电子伏,约束在大不变质量的双轻子速率的宽共振结构。我们还讨论了晶格约束对低质量双轻子速率的影响。此外,我们还讨论了一种比文献中更现实的基于QG…
我们认为,规范理论中的限制相和去限制相是由一个部分去限制相(即SU(N)中的SU(M),其中M<N,是去限制的)连接起来的,它可以是稳定的,也可以是不稳定的,这取决于理论的细节。当这个相不稳定时,它是对偶弦论中小黑洞相的规范理论对应物。部分解除禁闭与Gross-Witten-Wadia跃迁密切相关,并且可能与QCD相变有关。部分解除禁闭的机制与一类系统的一般性质有关。作为一个有指导意义的例子,我们证明了杨-米尔斯理论/弦论与蚂蚁集体行为的数学模型之间的相似性[Beekman et al.,美国国家科学院院刊,2001年]。通过用蚂蚁、信息素和蚂蚁踪迹来识别D-膜、开弦和黑洞,两个系统的动力学性质非常相似,并且定性地得到了相同的相结构。
Thermodynamics of large-$N$ gauge theories on a sphere: weak versus strong coupling
最近,纯Yang-Mills理论的晶格模拟揭示了显着的二次修正的热力学量和重整化Polyakov环在解除限制阶段。这些项以前被发现自然地出现在${\mathcal N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills~(SYM)的强耦合球上,通过规范/引力对偶。在这里,我们将研究扩展到弱耦合区,并对一般的大$N$规范理论。采用矩阵模型描述,我们发现了一些新颖的行为,在解除限制阶段,这是没有注意到的文献。由于holonomy的特征值在时间周期上的非均匀分布,Polyakov循环从1开始偏离$1/T^3$而不是$1/T^2$。这种力量是由空间维度决定的,不随理论的不同而改变。当包括对单粒子配分函数的微扰修正时,这种说法也成立。对Polyakov环的修正和分布函数的高阶矩结合起来,在自由能中给出了一个通用项$T/4$。如果在紧致流形上的大$N$规范理论的退禁闭相中发生了强/弱耦合相变,那么弱耦合区和强耦合区之间的这些差异就可以很容易地得到解释。
本文采用具有截断M和固定规范耦合g_m的有效磁SU(N)纯规范理论,计算了SU(N)Yang-Mills理论退禁闭相的非微扰磁性。通过对杨-米尔斯理论中单回路有效势的计算进行重新解释和调整,得到了对电流外闭环的响应。这种有效势产生了色磁荷密度,这是通过带磁荷的希格斯场在约束相的有效对偶超导体理论中引入的色磁流的去约束相的对应物。由此产生的空间威尔逊圈具有面积定律行为。利用在受限相中确定的M和g_m值,我们发现在1.5Tc < T <2.5Tc的温度区间内SU(3)空间弦张力与晶格模拟一致。用有效理论分析重离子碰撞实验,将为这些思想的应用和进一步检验提供依据。