P. Di Vecchia
In this talk we will describe the problems that one encounters when one tries to connect string theory with particle phenomenology. Then, in order to have chiral matter describing quarks and leptons, we introduce the magnetized D branes. Finally, as an explicit example of a string extension of the Standard Model, we will describe the one constructed by Ibanez, Marchesano and Rabadan.
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It is shown that brane world gravity produces an attractive force between cosmic strings, in contrast to conventional Einstein gravity. This force is sufficient for stable bound states of Type II strings (which normally repel each other) to form. There is a small separation between the strings, giving them a rope-like structure. At astronomical scales these `cosmic ropes' resemble higher winding number strings, and so all brane world cosmic strings are effectively Type I.
This review is devoted to strings and branes. Firstly, perturbative string theory is introduced. The appearance of various types of branes is discussed. These include orbifold fixed planes, D-branes and orientifold planes. The connection to BPS vacua of supergravity is presented afterwards. As applications, we outline the role of branes in string dualities, field theory dualities, the AdS/CFT correspondence and scenarios where the string scale is at a TeV. Some issues of warped compactifications are also addressed. These comprise corrections to gravitational interactions as well as the cosmolo…
In models of large extra dimensions, the string and Planck scales become accessible at future colliders. When the energy scale is above the string scale or Planck scale a number of interesting phenomena occur, namely, production of stringy states, p-branes, string balls, black hole, etc. In this work, we systematically study the production cross sections of black holes, string balls, and p-branes at hadronic supercolliders. We also discuss their signatures. At the energy scale between the string scale M_s and M_s/g_s^2, where g_s is the string coupling, the production is dominated by string ba…
An overview is presented of some cosmological aspects of string theory. Recent developments are emphasised, especially the attempts to derive inflation or alternatives to inflation from the dynamics of branes in string theory. Time dependent backgrounds with potential cosmological implications, such as those provided by negative tension branes and S-branes and the rolling string tachyon are also discussed.
A simple idea restricting the brane width due to astronomical observations is proposed. Not to contradict the observational data the brane width should be of about Planck size giving therefore strict criterion in selecting the realistic braneworld models.
A brief, non-technical and non-exhaustive review of D(irichlet)-branes and (some) of their applications is given.
We consider branes embedded in spacetimes of codimension one and two, with a warped metric tensor for the subspace parallel to the brane. We study a variety of brane-world solutions arising by introducing a Schwarzschild-like black hole metric on the brane and we investigate the properties of the corresponding higher-dimensional spacetime. We demonstrate that normalizable bulk modes lead to a vanishing flow of energy through the naked singularities. From this point of view, these singularities are harmless.
We investigate the evolution of the networks of the cosmic strings in angled brane inflation. We show how they can be distinguished from the conventional ones. The cosmic strings in angled inflation are the daughter $D_{p-2}$ branes that are extended between the mother $D_p$ branes. In the effective action, the strings should have a moduli, since the endpoints of the $D_{p-2}$ branes can move freely on the $D_p$ branes. Then naturally the position of the $D_{p-2}$ branes, which corresponds to the moduli of the $(1+1)$-dimensional effective action, can vary along the cosmic strings. The variati…
Towards the end of the brane inflationary epoch in the brane world, cosmic strings (but not texture, domain walls or monopoles) are copiously produced during brane collision. These cosmic strings are D$p$-branes with $(p-1)$ dimensions compactified. We elaborate on this prediction of the superstring theory description of the brane world. Using the data on the temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background, we estimate the cosmic string tension $μ$ to be around $G μ\simeq 10^{-7}$. This in turn implies that the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background comes mostly from inflation…
On the nature of cosmic strings in the brane world
本文在不采用微扰近似的条件下研究膜上静态柱对称宇宙弦，发现弦中心能量密度超过两倍膜张力时有效弦张力会大幅增强，并提出当能量密度接近两倍膜张力时可规避宇宙弦问题的新机制。
In models of large extra dimensions, the string and Planck scales become accessible at future colliders. When the energy scale is above the string scale or Planck scale a number of interesting phenomena occur, namely, production of stringy states, $p$-branes, string balls, black hole, etc. In this Proceedings, we summarize a recent work \cite{me0} on the production of black holes, string balls, and $p$-branes at hadronic supercolliders, and discuss their signatures.
We investigate aspects of cosmology in brane world theories with a bulk scalar field. We concentrate on a recent model motivated from supergravity in singular spaces. After discussing the background evolution of such a brane-world, we present the evolution of the density contrast. We compare our results to those obtained in the (second) Randall-Sundrum scenario and usual 4D scalar-tensor theories.
We discuss IR limit of four-fermion scattering amplitudes in braneworld models including intersecting-branes and SUSY SU(5) GUT version of it. With certain compactification where instanton effect is negligible, grand unification condition in D6-D6 intersecting-branes scenario subject to experimental constraint on proton decay provides possibility for upper limit on the string scale, $M_S$, through relationship between the string coupling, $g_s$, and the string scale. We discuss how IR divergence is related to number of twisted fields we have to introduce into intersection region and how it can…
Orbifold branes in string theory are investigated, and the general field equations on the branes are given explicitly for type II and heterotic string. It is shown that the effective cosmological constant on each of the two branes can be easily lowered to its current observational value, using large extra dimensions. This is also true for type I string. The radion stability is studied by using the Goldberger-Wise mechanism, and shown explicitly that it is stable. Therefore, brane world of string theory provides a viable and built-in mechanism for solving the long-standing cosmological constant…
The gravitational properties of cosmic strings in the Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario are investigated. Using a gauge in which the brane remains straight, the leading order corrections to the metric on the brane are determined. In contrast to their non-brane equivalents, these strings have an attractive 1/r^2 potential and a radially dependent deficit angle. These two effects alter many cosmological properties of the string, such as the formation of double images. As a result of the attractive force the string will collect matter as it moves through space.
Selected topics showcasing the exploration for new physics using colliders; presented at TASI 2001.
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