HD 12661的长期演化：一个在不太可能的时间捕获的系统
Secular Evolution of HD 12661: A System Caught at an Unlikely Time
摘要：
多行星系统的偏心率演化可以为行星形成模型提供有价值的约束条件。不幸的是，目前轨道要素不可避免的不确定性可能导致长期演变性质的重大模糊性。对任何一组轨道要素进行积分都不足以描述与当前观测相一致的长期演变的全部范围。因此，我们结合径向速度观测HD 12661马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗采样生成合奏的初始条件直接n体积分。我们发现，任何平均运动共振是相当弱的，并没有显着影响长期的演变，目前的观测表明流通或大振幅天平动的近点。外行星的偏心率经历了大的振荡几乎所有允许的双行星轨道的解决方案。如果行星c受到了冲动性的扰动，也许是由于一颗额外的行星的强烈散射，随后又被吸积到恒星上，这种长期的演化就会出现。最后，我们注意到，当前轨道配置所暗示的长期演化意味着行星c在96%的时间内遵循的轨道比目前观测到的轨道更偏心。要么这个系统是在一个相对罕见的状态下被观测到的，要么其他行星正在影响观测到的径向速度和/或系统的长期偏心率演变。
英文摘要：
The eccentricity evolution of multiple planet systems can provide valuable constraints on planet formation models. Unfortunately, the inevitable uncertainties in the current orbital elements can lead to significant ambiguities in the nature of the secular evolution. Integrating any single set of orbital elements inadequately describes the full range of secular evolutions consistent with current observations. Thus, we combine radial velocity observations of HD 12661 with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to generate ensembles of initial conditions for direct n-body integrations. We find that any mean motion resonances are quite weak and do not significantly impact the secular evolution, and that current observations indicate circulation or large amplitude libration of the periapses. The eccentricity of the outer planet undergoes large oscillations for nearly all of the allowed two-planet orbital solutions. This type of secular evolution would arise if planet c had been impulsively perturbed, perhaps due to strong scattering of an additional planet that was subsequently accreted onto the star. Finally, we note that the secular evolution implied by the current orbital configuration implies that planet c spends ~96% of the time following an orbit more eccentric than that presently observed. Either this system is being observed during a relatively rare state, or additional planets are affecting the observed radial velocities and/or the system's secular eccentricity evolution.
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