从MgB $_2$的基本性能看其应用前景
Application prospects of MgB$_2$ in view of its basic properties
摘要：
在发现二硼化镁的超导性七年后，这种化合物的基本超导性质已为人们所熟知，多晶材料中的特殊电流传输也已基本了解。基于这一知识，将预测电线或磁带在高磁场下的最终性能，并与最先进的材料和其他超导体进行比较。高场应用的关键参数是上临界场，其可以通过杂质散射强烈增强。这种基本性质可能会进一步优化，在散装材料，因为更高的值被报道为薄膜。如果通过原位技术制备，则MgB $_2$颗粒通常非常小。由此产生的高密度晶界导致强钉扎，接近理论极限。另一方面，晶粒之间的连通性仍然相当差，并大大降低了可实现的临界电流，从而留下了进一步改进的空间。
英文摘要：
Seven years after the discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride, the fundamental superconducting properties of this compound are well known and the peculiar current transport in polycrystalline materials is essentially understood. Based on this knowledge the ultimate performance of wires or tapes at high magnetic fields will be predicted and compared to state-of-the-art materials and to other superconductors. The key parameter for high field applications is the upper critical field, which can be strongly enhanced by impurity scattering. This fundamental property might be further optimized in bulk materials, since higher values were reported for thin films. The MgB$_2$ grains are usually very small, if prepared by the in-situ technique. The resulting high density of grain boundaries leads to strong pinning, close to the theoretical limit. On the other hand, the connectivity between the grains is still rather poor and strongly reduces the achievable critical currents, thus leaving room for further improvements.
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