通过基因流在加纳利岛特有松树（Pinuscanariensis）再造林地区自然恢复遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>
Natural recovery of genetic diversity by gene flow in reforested areas of the endemic Canary Island pine, Pinus canariensis
摘要：
当地的松树，加那利松，形成了加那利群岛的主要森林生态系统之一。在这个群岛上，松树林是天然林（过去森林过度开发的残余）和20世纪40年代种植的人工林的马赛克。人工再生森林的基因组成令人担忧。使用不受控制的来源或来自数量减少的亲本树木的生殖材料可能会产生不适应当地条件或无法适应环境变化的林分。利用核微卫星和叶绿体微卫星研究了连接两片天然林片断的人工林样带内的遗传多样性〈动〉<动>。核标记的遗传分化较小，与周围天然林的遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>相近。然而，叶绿体微卫星表现出较低的单倍型多样性在造林林，这可能是一个后果较低的有效种群大小的叶绿体基因组，这意味着叶绿体标记有较高的敏感性瓶颈。还分析了人工林林下的天然更新，以研究从天然林到人工林的基因流。人工更新林的迁入率较高（0.68-0.75），遗传多样性〈动〉<动>（叶绿体和核微卫星）显著增加，表明被较大天然林包围的加拿利海松更新林具有遗传恢复能力。
英文摘要：
The endemic pine, Pinus canariensis, forms one of the main forest ecosystems in the Canary Islands. In this archipelago, pine forest is a mosaic of natural stands (remnants of past forest overexploitation) and artificial stands planted from the 1940's. The genetic makeup of the artificially regenerated forest is of some concern. The use of reproductive material with uncontrolled origin or from a reduced number of parental trees may produce stands ill adapted to local conditions or unable to adapt in response to environmental change. The genetic diversity within a transect of reforested stands connecting two natural forest fragments has been studied with nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites. Little genetic differentiation and similar levels of genetic diversity to the surrounding natural stands were found for nuclear markers. However, chloroplast microsatellites presented lower haplotype diversity in reforested stands, and this may be a consequence of the lower effective population size of the chloroplast genome, meaning chloroplast markers have a higher sensitivity to bottlenecks. Understory natural regeneration within the reforestation was also analysed to study gene flow from natural forest into artificial stands. Estimates of immigration rate into artificially regenerated forest were high (0.68-0.75), producing a significant increase of genetic diversity (both in chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites), which indicates the capacity for genetic recovery for P. canariensis reforestations surrounded by larger natural stands.
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