Q0957 +561的新双色光变曲线：时间延迟和内在变化的起源
New two-colour light curves of Q0957+561: time delays and the origin of intrinsic variations
摘要：
我们扩展了引力透镜双类星体Q 0957 +561的gr带时间覆盖范围。新的gr光变曲线使我们能够检测到显着的内在波动，以确定新的时间延迟，从而获得对Q 0957 +561的内在变异性机制的看法。从2005年1月到2007年7月，我们在g和r通带中使用了新的光学框架Q 0957 +561。这些画面是利物浦机器人望远镜正在进行的长期监测的一部分。我们还介绍了应用于Q 0957 +561的新gr帧的两个光度管道。转换管道结合了零点，颜色和不均匀性校正的仪器的幅度，因此最终测光的1-2%的水平是实现两个类星体组件。双色最终记录然后用于测量时间延迟。Q 0957 +561的gr光变曲线显示了几个显著的事件和梯度，其中一些（在g波段）导致了417 +/- 2 d（1 sigma）的分量之间的时间延迟。我们在Q 0957 +561的光变曲线中没有发现外在变异性的证据。我们还探讨了g波段的大事件与r波段的相应事件之间存在延迟的可能性。gr互相关揭示了4.0 +/- 2.0 d的时间滞后（1 sigma; g波段事件领先），这证实了之前的说法，即在这个透镜类星体中g和r波段之间存在延迟。新记录和类似波段的先前记录的时间延迟（类星体成分之间和光学波段之间）表明，在Q 0957 +561中观察到的大多数变化（振幅约为100毫等，时标约为100天）很可能是由于超大质量黑洞周围气体盘内的混响。
英文摘要：
We extend the gr-band time coverage of the gravitationally lensed double quasar Q0957+561. New gr light curves permit us to detect significant intrinsic fluctuations, to determine new time delays, and thus to gain perspective on the mechanism of intrinsic variability in Q0957+561. We use new optical frames of Q0957+561 in the g and r passbands from January 2005 to July 2007. These frames are part of an ongoing long-term monitoring with the Liverpool robotic telescope. We also introduce two photometric pipelines that are applied to the new gr frames of Q0957+561. The transformation pipeline incorporates zero-point, colour, and inhomogeneity corrections to the instrumental magnitudes, so final photometry to the 1-2% level is achieved for both quasar components. The two-colour final records are then used to measure time delays. The gr light curves of Q0957+561 show several prominent events and gradients, and some of them (in the g band) lead to a time delay between components of 417 +/- 2 d (1 sigma). We do not find evidence of extrinsic variability in the light curves of Q0957+561. We also explore the possibility of a delay between a large event in the g band and the corresponding event in the r band. The gr cross-correlation reveals a time lag of 4.0 +/- 2.0 d (1 sigma; the g-band event is leading) that confirms a previous claim of the existence of a delay between the g and r band in this lensed quasar. The time delays (between quasar components and between optical bands) from the new records and previous ones in similar bands indicate that most observed variations in Q0957+561 (amplitudes of about 100 mmag and timescales of about 100 d) are very probably due to reverberation within the gas disc around the supermassive black hole.
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