使用成本优化的星际漫游进行消息传递
Messaging with Cost Optimized Interstellar Beacons
摘要：
本文从地球上建造者的费用角度考虑了银河系尺度的Bearing。对于固定的远场功率密度，什么是成本最佳的星际信标系统？经验表明，根据传输频率和天线尺寸和功率，可以进行最佳权衡。这是通过最小化产生期望的有效各向同性辐射功率的成本而出现的，所述有效各向同性辐射功率又确定发射信号的可检测性的最大范围。我们推导出成本最优的光圈和功率的一般关系。对于发射机功率和天线面积的线性依赖的资本成本，最小的资本成本发生时，天线增益和辐射功率之间的成本是均分。对于非线性幂律依赖，发生类似的简单除法。这在许多系统的成本数据中得到了验证;工业界将此成本最优值用作经验法则。根据这些关系，使用当前成本参数（$/W, $ /m2）作为基础来估计脉冲成本有效的发射机的成本。银河系尺度的信标要求有效各向同性辐射功率>1017 W，发射功率>1 GW，天线面积> km 2。我们展示了缩放，并给出了这样的Bestrom的例子。节俭的信标系统将是大的和昂贵的，有狭窄的探照灯光束和短的停留时间时，信标将被外星人观察者看到在天空中的目标区域。它们可能不经常重新访问某个地区，并可能以更高的微波频率（约10 GHz）进行传输。广播的自然走廊是沿着银河系的螺旋半径或沿着我们所在的螺旋星系臂。我们的第二篇论文认为，迄今为止，几乎所有的SETI搜索都几乎没有机会看到这样的外星人。
英文摘要：
This paper considers galactic scale Beacons from the point of view of expense to a builder on Earth. For fixed power density in the far field, what is the cost-optimum interstellar Beacon system? Experience shows an optimum tradeoff, depending on transmission frequency and on antenna size and power. This emerges by minimizing the cost of producing a desired effective isotropic radiated power, which in turn determines the maximum range of detectability of a transmitted signal. We derive general relations for cost-optimal aperture and power. For linear dependence of capital cost on transmitter power and antenna area, minimum capital cost occurs when the cost is equally divided between antenna gain and radiated power. For non-linear power law dependence a similar simple division occurs. This is validated in cost data for many systems; industry uses this cost optimum as a rule-of-thumb. Costs of pulsed cost-efficient transmitters are estimated from these relations using current cost parameters ($/W, $/m2) as a basis. Galactic-scale Beacons demand effective isotropic radiated power >1017 W, emitted powers are >1 GW, with antenna areas > km2. We show the scaling and give examples of such Beacons. Thrifty beacon systems would be large and costly, have narrow searchlight beams and short dwell times when the Beacon would be seen by an alien oberver at target areas in the sky. They may revisit an area infrequently and will likely transmit at higher microwave frequencies, ~10 GHz. The natural corridor to broadcast is along the galactic spiral radius or along the spiral galactic arm we are in. Our second paper argues that nearly all SETI searches to date had little chance of seeing such Beacons.
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