金属和半导体纳米结构中的集体电子动力学
Collective Electron Dynamics in Metallic and Semiconductor Nanostructures
摘要：
理解金属和半导体纳米结构（如金属纳米颗粒、薄膜、量子阱和量子点）中的电子动力学和输运，对当今的凝聚态物理来说，无论是基础物理还是应用物理都是一个相当大的挑战。在这篇评论文章中，我们将使用不同但互补的方法描述金属和半导体纳米结构中的集体电子动力学。对于小的激发（线性制度），光谱特性可以通过TDLDA类型的量子平均场模型（依赖于时间的局部密度近似），广义考虑有限的电子温度进行研究。为了探索非线性区域（强激发），我们将采用相空间方法，该方法依赖于经典相空间中动力学方程（弗拉索夫和维格纳方程）的分辨率。相空间方法提供了一个有用的经典和量子动力学之间的联系，非常适合于模型的平均场近似（电子-电子和电子-声子碰撞）以外的影响。我们还将开发一个量子流体动力学模型，基于相应的维格纳分布函数的速度矩：这种方法应导致相当大的收益，在计算时间相比，基于传统方法的模拟，如密度泛函理论（DFT）。最后，磁化（自旋）动力学也将得到解决。
英文摘要：
Understanding the electron dynamics and transport in metallic and semiconductor nanostructures -- such as metallic nanoparticles, thin films, quantum wells and quantum dots -- represents a considerable challenge for today's condensed matter physics, both fundamental and applied. In this review article, we will describe the collective electron dynamics in metallic and semiconductor nanostructures using different, but complementary, approaches. For small excitations (linear regime), the spectral properties can be investigated via quantum mean-field models of the TDLDA type (time-dependent local density approximation), generalized to account for a finite electron temperature. In order to explore the nonlinear regime (strong excitations), we will adopt a phase-space approach that relies on the resolution of kinetic equations in the classical phase space (Vlasov and Wigner equations). The phase-space approach provides a useful link between the classical and quantum dynamics and is well suited to model effects beyond the mean field approximation (electron-electron and electron-phonon collisions). We will also develop a quantum hydrodynamic model, based on velocity moments of the corresponding Wigner distribution function: this approach should lead to considerable gains in computing time in comparison with simulations based on conventional methods, such as density functional theory (DFT). Finally, the magnetization (spin) dynamics will also be addressed.
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