施特恩-格拉赫实验的宇宙类比与轻玻色子的探测
Cosmic Analogues of the Stern-Gerlach Experiment and the Detection of Light Bosons
摘要：
我们表明，通过研究来自高度磁化的恒星的无线电脉冲的到达时间，有可能以更高的灵敏度检测到轻自旋0玻色子（如轴子和类轴子粒子），在广泛的粒子质量范围内，比目前通过地面实验和间接天体物理边界所能达到的要高得多。特别地，我们研究了磁星中强磁场梯度下光子-玻色子束分裂的效应，并表明无线电脉冲（在米波长处）可以被分裂并通过可辨别的相位移动到光子-玻色子耦合常数g ~ 1 e-14 [1/GeV];即，比当前的g上限低大约四个数量级。当分裂脉冲具有相等的通量和相似的偏振时，该效应随光子波长线性增加。这些属性使得识别光束分裂和光束偏转的影响与目前可用的数据直接。然而，更好地了解磁星的无线电发射，需要有信心地排除在参数空间中的区域时，没有观察到这种影响。
英文摘要：
We show that, by studying the arrival times of radio pulses from highly-magnetized pulsars, it may be possible to detect light spin-0 bosons (such as axions and axion-like particles) with a much greater sensitivity, over a broad particle mass range than is currently reachable by terrestrial experiments and indirect astrophysical bounds. In particular, we study the effect of splitting of photon-boson beams under intense magnetic field gradients in magnetars and show that radio pulses (at meter wavelengths) may be split and shift by a discernible phase down to a photon-boson coupling constant of g ~ 1e-14 [1/GeV]; i.e., about four orders of magnitude lower than current upper limits on g. The effect increases linearly with photon wavelength with split pulses having equal fluxes and similar polarizations. These properties make the identification of beam-splitting and beam deflection effects straightforward with currently available data. Better understanding of radio emission from magnetars is, however, required to confidently exclude regions in the parameter space when such effects are not observed.
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