极端的伽马射线暴：“肉眼可见的暴”GRB 080319 B
Gamma-Ray Burst at the extreme: "the naked-eye burst" GRB 080319B
摘要：
2008年3月19日，北半球的天空出现了一个壮观的光学瞬变现象，在几秒钟内肉眼仍然可以看到。这个瞬变现象与GRB 080319 B有关，GRB 080319 B是一个亮度距离约为6 Gpc（标准宇宙学）的伽马射线暴，使其成为人类有史以来记录的最明亮的光学物体。我们提出了全面的天空监测和多色光学跟踪观测的GRB 080319 B收集的RAPTOR望远镜网络涵盖的爆炸和余辉的发展之前，期间和之后的爆发。极其明亮的即时光发射揭示了通常无法检测到的特征。在爆炸过程中的光学和伽马射线的变化是相关的，但光通量是远远大于可以调和与单一的发射机制和平坦的伽马射线光谱。这种极端的光学行为被最好地理解为同步加速器自康普顿模型（SSC）。在γ射线发射逐渐开始后，有一个突然上升的提示光通量，表明可变的自吸收占主导地位的早期光学光变曲线。我们的同步多色光学光变曲线以下的闪光显示光谱演化一致的快速衰减的红色组件由于大角度发射和出现的蓝色向前冲击组件与周围环境的相互作用。虽然对主导早期余辉的反向激波几乎没有提供支持，但这些观测结果加强了SSC机制在产生伽马射线暴中的普遍作用。
英文摘要：
On 19 March 2008, the northern sky was the stage of a spectacular optical transient that for a few seconds remained visible to the naked eye. The transient was associated with GRB 080319B, a gamma-ray burst at a luminosity distance of about 6 Gpc (standard cosmology), making it the most luminous optical object ever recorded by human kind. We present comprehensive sky monitoring and multi-color optical follow-up observations of GRB 080319B collected by the RAPTOR telescope network covering the development of the explosion and the afterglow before, during, and after the burst. The extremely bright prompt optical emission revealed features that are normally not detectable. The optical and gamma-ray variability during the explosion are correlated, but the optical flux is much greater than can be reconciled with single emission mechanism and a flat gamma-ray spectrum. This extreme optical behavior is best understood as synchrotron self-Compton model (SSC). After a gradual onset of the gamma-ray emission, there is an abrupt rise of the prompt optical flux suggesting that variable self-absorption dominates the early optical light curve. Our simultaneous multi-color optical light curves following the flash show spectral evolution consistent with a rapidly decaying red component due to large angle emission and the emergence of a blue forward shock component from interaction with the surrounding environment. While providing little support for the reverse shock that dominates the early afterglow, these observations strengthen the case for the universal role of the SSC mechanism in generating gamma-ray bursts.
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