电场中液体体系的统计力学描述
Statistical mechanical description of liquid systems in electric field
摘要：
在$\mathbf{E}$系综中，我们用统计力学的方法描述了在电场中的可极化和极性液体体系，它是热力学描述中的常数势下的自由能的附属物.电场对$\mathbf{E}$系综中组态积分$\tilde{Q}_{N}(\mathbf{E})$的贡献作为$\tilde{Q}_{N}(\mathbf{E})$的被积函数中的因子以精确形式给出。我们计算了电场对$\mathbf{E}$系综中散射函数的Ornstein-Zernike公式的贡献。作为一个应用，我们确定了场诱导的临界温度的移动的极化和极性液体，并表明，移动是向上的极化液体和向下的极性液体。
英文摘要：
We formulate the statistical mechanical description of liquid systems for both polarizable and polar systems in an electric field in the $\mathbf{E}$-ensemble, which is the pendant to the thermodynamic description in terms of the free energy at constant potential. The contribution of the electric field to the configurational integral $\tilde{Q}_{N}(\mathbf{E})$ in the $\mathbf{E}$-ensemble is given in an exact form as a factor in the integrand of $\tilde{Q}_{N}(\mathbf{E})$. We calculate the contribution of the electric field to the Ornstein-Zernike formula for the scattering function in the $\mathbf{E}$-ensemble. As an application we determine the field induced shift of the critical temperature for polarizable and polar liquids, and show that the shift is upward for polarizable liquids and downward for polar liquids.
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