相空间中最大均匀态上的量子棘轮：半经典全混沌区
Quantum Ratchets on Maximally Uniform States in Phase Space: Semiclassical Full-Chaos Regime
摘要：
提出了一种通用的量子混沌棘轮，其初始态为相空间中的\emph{uniform}，其\emph{maximal possible}分辨率为一个Planck胞。与经典的相空间均匀密度不同，即使在\emph{symmetric}系统中，这种状态通常也携带\emph{nonzero}棘轮电流。这种量子棘轮效应基本上来自普朗克盒中准坐标态的一般不对称性。它示出，在精确的结果，一般的参数，和广泛的数值证据的基础上，在半经典的全混沌制度的所有状态的电流的方差几乎是成比例的混沌扩散率和缩放的普朗克常量的平方。实验实现的建议。
英文摘要：
A generic kind of quantum chaotic ratchet is introduced, based on initial states that are \emph{uniform} in phase space with the \emph{maximal possible} resolution of one Planck cell. Unlike a classical phase-space uniform density, such a state usually carries a \emph{nonzero} ratchet current, even in \emph{symmetric} systems. This quantum ratchet effect basically emerges from the generic asymmetry of the state quasicoordinates in the Planck cell. It is shown, on the basis of exact results, general arguments, and extensive numerical evidence, that in a semiclassical full-chaos regime the variance of the current over all the states is nearly proportional to the chaotic-diffusion rate and to the square of the scaled Planck constant. Experimental realizations are suggested.
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