伪造宇宙加速的范式
Falsifying Paradigms for Cosmic Acceleration
摘要：
对于宇宙加速的任何物理解释，无论是宇宙学常数、标量场精髓，还是小尺度上相对于暗物质平滑的暗能量的一般成分，都存在结构增长和膨胀历史观测之间的一致性关系。因此，从SNAP和CMB数据这样的实验中预期的高质量超新星样本对增长和膨胀的观测值做出了强有力的预测，额外的观测可以测试并可能证伪。我们执行MCMC似然探索的强度，这些一致性关系的基础上，一个完整的参数化的暗能量行为的主成分。对于LCDM，未来的SN和CMB数据对增长和扩张的可观测数据进行了百分比级预测。对于quintessence，许多预测仍然处于百分之几的水平，大部分额外的自由来自曲率和早期的暗能量。虽然这种自由对于禁止幻影状态方程的精粹来说是有限的，但在光滑暗能量类中它更大。然而，即使在这个一般的类预测相关的增长测量在不同的红移仍然是强大的，虽然预测的瞬时增长率不。最后，如果观测证伪了整个平滑的暗能量类，那么就需要宇宙加速的新范例，例如修正的引力或相互作用的暗物质和暗能量。
英文摘要：
Consistency relations between growth of structure and expansion history observables exist for any physical explanation of cosmic acceleration, be it a cosmological constant, scalar field quintessence, or a general component of dark energy that is smooth relative to dark matter on small scales. The high-quality supernova sample anticipated from an experiment like SNAP and CMB data expected from Planck thus make strong predictions for growth and expansion observables that additional observations can test and potentially falsify. We perform an MCMC likelihood exploration of the strength of these consistency relations based on a complete parametrization of dark energy behavior by principal components. For LCDM, future SN and CMB data make percent level predictions for growth and expansion observables. For quintessence, many of the predictions are still at a level of a few percent with most of the additional freedom coming from curvature and early dark energy. While such freedom is limited for quintessence where phantom equations of state are forbidden, it is larger in the smooth dark energy class. Nevertheless, even in this general class predictions relating growth measurements at different redshifts remain robust, although predictions for the instantaneous growth rate do not. Finally, if observations falsify the whole smooth dark energy class, new paradigms for cosmic acceleration such as modified gravity or interacting dark matter and dark energy would be required.
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