太阳黑子本影色球精细结构的直接成像
Direct Imaging of Fine Structure in the Chromosphere of a Sunspot Umbra
摘要：
Hinode航天器在CaII H线上的高分辨率成像观测被用来研究太阳黑子上方色球层的动力学。我们发现，由振荡产生的本影闪光和其他增亮具有极其丰富的精细结构，甚至超过了我们观测的分辨率极限（0.22”）。本影是非常动态的，以至于我们20秒的时间节奏不足以解决发射源的快速横向（可能是明显的）运动。我们数据集中的一些明亮元素以30 km/s的水平传播速度移动。我们已经探测到本影内的平行结构（其中一些水平延伸约1500公里），据我们所知，这是以前没有报道过的。强度起伏的功率谱显示出本影中有几个性质不同的区域，它们似乎与形成本影的本影核相对应，在每个区域内，振荡的主频率都是相干的，但它们在不同的核之间有很大的差异。
英文摘要：
High-resolution imaging observations from the Hinode spacecraft in the CaII H line are employed to study the dynamics of the chromosphere above a sunspot. We find that umbral flashes and other brightenings produced by the oscillation are extremely rich in fine structure, even beyond the resolving limit of our observations (0.22"). The umbra is tremendously dynamic, to the point that our time cadence of 20 s does not suffice to resolve the fast lateral (probably apparent) motion of the emission source. Some bright elements in our dataset move with horizontal propagation speeds of 30 km/s. We have detected filamentary structures inside the umbra (some of which have a horizontal extension of ~1500 km) which, to our best knowledge, had not been reported before. The power spectra of the intensity fluctuations reveals a few distinct areas with different properties within the umbra that seem to correspond with the umbral cores that form it. Inside each one of these areas the dominant frequencies of the oscillation are coherent, but they vary considerably from one core to another.
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