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arXiv 0810.0192astro-ph
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CTTS中稠密等离子体的X射线发射:吸积激波的流体动力学模拟

X-ray emission from dense plasma in CTTSs: Hydrodynamic modeling of the accretion shock

G. G. Sacco, C. Argiroffi, S. Orlando, A. Maggio, G. Peres, F. Reale

摘要:

对CTTS的高光谱分辨率X射线观测表明,在T~2- 3 × 10^6 K和n_e~10^11-10^13 cm^-3处存在等离子体,这在非吸积恒星中是没有观测到的。稳态模型表明,这种发射是由于激波加热的吸积物质,但它们不允许分析这种物质的稳定性及其在恒星大气中的位置。我们研究了CTTS中激波加热吸积物质的动力学和稳定性,以及恒星色球层在确定激波区位置和厚度中的作用。我们进行1-D HD模拟的吸积流到色球层的CTTS,包括重力的影响,辐射损失从光学薄等离子体,热传导和一个良好的测试详细的恒星色球模型。本文给出了基于CTTS MP Mus参数的模拟结果,发现吸积激波在色球层上方产生了一个最大厚度为1.8 × 10^9 cm,密度n_e~10^11-10^2 cm^-3的热物质板,温度T约为3 × 10^6 K,均匀压力等于吸积流的冲压压力(约为450达因·cm^-2)。冲击区的底部穿透色球层,并停留在冲压压力等于热压力的地方。该系统的演变与准周期的不稳定性的材料在板导致周期性消失和重新形成的板。当吸积速率为~10^-10 M_sun·yr^-1时,激波区发射出时间平均的X射线光度L_X~ 7 × 10^29 erg·s^-1,这与在相同质量的CTTS中观测到的X射线光度相当。此外,模拟合成的X射线光谱与MP Mus星O VIII和O VII线的所有主要特征详细匹配。

英文摘要:

High spectral resolution X-ray observations of CTTSs demonstrate the presence of plasma at T~2-3X10^6 K and n_e~10^11-10^13 cm^-3, unobserved in non-accreting stars. Stationary models suggest that this emission is due to shock-heated accreting material, but they do not allow to analyze the stability of such material and its position in the stellar atmosphere. We investigate the dynamics and the stability of shock-heated accreting material in CTTSs and the role of the stellar chromosphere in determining the position and the thickness of the shocked region. We perform 1-D HD simulations of the impact of the accretion flow onto chromosphere of a CTTS, including the effects of gravity, radiative losses from optically thin plasma, thermal conduction and a well tested detailed model of the stellar chromosphere. Here we present the results of a simulation based on the parameters of the CTTS MP Mus. We find that the accretion shock generates an hot slab of material above the chromosphere with a maximum thickness of 1.8X10^9 cm, density n_e~10^11-10^2 cm^-3, temperature T~3X10^6 K and uniform pressure equal to the ram pressure of the accretion flow (~450 dyn cm^-2). The base of the shocked region penetrates the chromosphere and stays where the ram pressure is equal to the thermal pressure. The system evolves with quasi-periodic instabilities of the material in the slab leading to cyclic disappearance and re-formation of the slab. For an accretion rate of ~10^-10 M_sun yr^-1, the shocked region emits a time-averaged X-ray luminosity L_X~7X10^29 erg s^-1, which is comparable to the X-ray luminosity observed in CTTSs of the same mass. Furthermore, the X-ray spectrum synthesized from the simulation matches in detail all the main features of the O VIII and O VII lines of the star MP Mus.

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