从热力学判据预测生态系统对扰动的响应
Predicting Ecosystem Response to Perturbation from Thermodynamic Criteria
摘要：
生态系统对扰动的反应是从热力学的角度考虑的，承认对于所有宏观系统和过程，生态系统的动力学和稳定性服从于确定的热力学定律。对于开放的生态系统，与环境交换能量、功和质量，热力学标准来自非平衡或不可逆热力学。对于生态系统的边界条件可以被认为是恒定的期间，它表明，从不可逆热力学理论的标准足以允许定量预测生态系统对扰动的响应。这一框架提供了一个新的视角，真正的生态系统的人口动态。该方法被应用于南方松甲虫种群振荡的问题。
英文摘要：
The response of ecosystems to perturbations is considered from a thermodynamic perspective by acknowledging that, as for all macroscopic systems and processes, the dynamics and stability of ecosystems is subject to definite thermodynamic law. For open ecosystems, exchanging energy, work, and mass with the environment, the thermodynamic criteria come from non-equilibrium or irreversible thermodynamics. For ecosystems during periods in which the boundary conditions may be considered as being constant, it is shown that criteria from irreversible thermodynamic theory are sufficient to permit a quantitative prediction of ecosystem response to perturbation. This framework is shown to provide a new perspective on the population dynamics of real ecosystems. The formalism is applied to the problem of the population oscillations of the southern pine beetle.
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