超冷费米气体的布拉格光谱和拉姆齐干涉
Bragg spectroscopy and Ramsey interferometry with an ultracold Fermi gas
摘要：
本文报道了在动态光学势作用下，超冷~ 6Li原子费米气体的布拉格散射的观测结果。以这种方式产生的动量态在陷阱中振荡的时间尺度为秒，几乎不受碰撞的影响，由于泡利原理，超冷费米子不存在这种情况。相反，在混合物中与87 Rb原子的相互作用导致快速阻尼。这些状态的相干性证明了拉姆齐型物质波干涉。使用回波脉冲序列的信号得到改善，使我们能够观察到的相干时间长于100 μ s。最后，我们使用布拉格光谱测量原位动量分布的6Li云。费米气体简并度的特征可以直接从阱内原子的动量分布中观察到。
英文摘要：
We report on the observation of Bragg scattering of an ultracold Fermi gas of 6Li atoms at a dynamic optical potential. The momentum states produced in this way oscillate in the trap for time scales on the order of seconds, nearly unperturbed by collisions, which are absent for ultracold fermions due to the Pauli principle. In contrast, interactions in a mixture with 87Rb atoms lead to rapid damping. The coherence of these states is demonstrated by Ramsey-type matter wave interferometry. The signal is improved using an echo pulse sequence, allowing us to observe coherence times longer than 100 mus. Finally we use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the in-situ momentum distribution of the 6Li cloud. Signatures for the degeneracy of the Fermi gas can be observed directly from the momentum distribution of the atoms inside the trap.
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