We study the stabilization of inter-brane spacing modulus of generalized warped brane models with a nonzero brane cosmological constant. Employing Goldberger-Wise stabilization prescription of brane world models with a bulk scalar field, we show that the stabilized value of the modulus generally depends on the value of the brane cosmological constant. Our result further reveals that the stabilized modulus value corresponding to a vanishingly small cosmological constant can only resolve the gauge hierarchy problem simultaneously. This in turn vindicates the original Randall-Sundrum model where the 3-brane cosmological constant was chosen to be zero.
We extend Randall-Sundrum dynamics to non-conformal metrics corresponding to non-constant dilaton. We study the appareance of space-time naked singularities and the renormalization group evolution of four-dimensional Newton constant.
We consider the dimensional reduction of a bulk scalar field in the Randall-Sundrum model. By allowing the scalar field to be non-minimally coupled to the spacetime curvature we show that it is possible to generate spontaneous symmetry breaking on the brane.
The Gauss-Bonnet interaction is the only consistent quadratic interaction below the Planck scale in the Randall-Sundrum compactification. We study various static and inflationary solutions including this Gauss-Bonnet interaction.
We consider a generalised two brane Randall-Sundrum model with non-zero cosmological constant on the visible TeV brane. Massive Kaluza-Klein modes for various bulk fields namely graviton, gauge field and antisymmetric second rank Kalb-Ramond field in a such generalized Randall-Sundrum scenario are determined. The masses for the Kaluza-Klein excitations of different bulk fields are found to depend on the brane cosmological constant indicating interesting consequences in warped brane particle phenomenology
In Randall-Sundrum two D-brane system we derive the gravitational theory on the branes. It is turned out from the consistency that one D-brane has the negative tension brane under Randall-Sundrum tuning and both gauge fields on the brane are related by scale transformation through the bulk RR/NS-NS fields. As same with the single D-brane case, the gauge field which is supposed to be localised on the brane does not couple to the gravity on the branes.
We define the 7D Randall-Sundrum (RS) background and construct the corresponding 6D theory via AdS/CFT duality. In simple approximations, the Friedmann equation derived from 7D RS cosmology and the brane view-point results exactly match. Possible cosmologies on the bulk side are also outlined.
The effect of temperature is investigated in the Randall-Sundrum brane-world scenario. It is shown that for a spacetime ansatz motivated by similarity with AdS/CFT correspondence several features of the model, such as its $Z_2$ symmetry, are not maintained at nonzero temperatures.
We address the behaviour of the scalar field with negative mass squared in the five dimensional AdS space where the Randall-Sundrum brane-world is embedded. We point out that the tachyonic scalar allowed in the bulk space destabilizes the embedded brane-world where the cosmological constant is zero. The resolution of this instability is discussed from the viewpoint of AdS/CFT correspondence.
We point out that the gravitational evolution equations in the Randall-Sundrum model appear in a different form than hitherto assumed. As a consequence, the model yields a correct Newtonian limit in a novel manner.
We clarify a mechanism to obtain a massless gauge boson from the Kaluza-Klein approach of the Randall-Sundrum(RS) brane world. This corresponds exactly to the same mechanism of achieving a localization of the gauge boson by adding both the bulk and brane mass terms. Accordingly this work puts another example for a localization-mechanism of the gauge boson on the brane.
The effective action of the radion in the Randall-Sundrum model is analysed. Fine tunings are needed to obtain the observed mass hierarchy and an invisible radion. since the kinetic terms are important for determining the radion mass, the finite quantum corrections from massless conformally coupled fermions are analysed and found to vanish at one loop order.
We numerically construct large Randall-Sundrum II brane black holes in 4 and 5 dimensions from associated AdS/CFT spacetimes. Our solutions are leading order perturbations of a representative of the boundary conformal structure of the AdS spacetime sourced by the dual CFT stress tensor. The 4-dimensional solutions are static perturbations of the Euclidean Schwarzschild metric, while the 5-dimensional solutions are perturbations of the Myers-Perry metric with equal angular momenta. We compare the former with previous numerical results for Randall-Sundrum bulk black holes and find good agreement…
We show the (already known) fact that Randall-Sundrum scenarious although compatible with a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ orbifold symmetry cannot hold regularity of the fields at the orbifold planes in the absence of boundary actions and respective jumps of the fields. This makes the models mathematical inconsistence and invalidate the inclusion of such models in a higher dimensional theory such as string theory. For completeness we point out some directions already in the literature and in progress.
The quantisation of a scalar field in the five-dimensional model suggested by Randall and Sundrum is considered. Using the Kaluza-Klein reduction of the scalar field, discussed by Goldberger and Wise, we sum the infinite tower of modes to find the vacuum energy density. Dimensional regularisation is used and we compute the pole term needed for renormalisation, as well as the finite part of the energy density. Some comments are made concerning the possible self-consistent determination of the radius.
We show that the Gauss-Bonnet term is the only consistent curvature squared interaction in the Randall-Sundrum model and various static and inflationary solutions can be found. And from metric perturbations around the RS background with a single brane embedded, we also show that for a vanishing Gauss-Bonnet coefficient, the brane bending allows us to reproduce the 4D Einstein gravity at the linearized level.
We study a mechanism, inspired from the mechanism for generating the gauge hierarchy in Randall-Sundrum model, to investigate the cosmological constant problem. First we analyze the bulk cosmological constant and brane vacuum energies in RS model. We show that the five-dimensional bulk cosmological constant and the vacuum energies of the two branes all obtain their natural values. Finally we argue how we can generate a small four-dimensional effective cosmological constant on the branes through modifying the original RS model.
We propose another method to compute the Casimir force in noncommutative Randall-Sundrum braneworld model considered by K. Nouicer and Y. Sabri recently. Our method can be used to compute the Casimir force to any order in the noncommutative parameter. Contrary to the claim made by K. Nouicer and Y. Sabri that repulsive Casimir force can appear in the first order approximation, we show that the Casimir force is always attractive at any order of approximation.
Using a fixed-energy amplitude in Randall-Sundrum single brane scenario, we compute the Newton potential on the brane. It is shown that the correction terms to the Newton potential involve a logarithmic factor. Especially, when the distance between two point masses are very small compared to $AdS$ radius, the contribution of KK spectrum becomes dominant compared to the usual inversely square law. This fact may be used to prove the existence of an extra dimension experimentally.
We provide the exact time-dependent cosmological solutions in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) setup with bulk matter, which may be smoothly connected to the static RS metric. In the static limit of the extra dimension, the solutions are reduced to the standard Friedmann equations. In view of our solutions, we also propose an explanation for how the extra dimension is stabilized in spite of a flat modulus potential at the classical level.
The stability problem of Randall-Sundrum braneworld is readdressed in the light of stabilizing bulk scalar fields. It is shown that in such scenario the instability persists because of back-reaction even when an arbitrary potential is introduced for a canonical scalar field in the bulk. It is further shown that a bulk scalar field can indeed stabilize the braneworld when it has a tachyon-like action. The full back-reacted metric in such model is derived and a proper resolution of the hierarchy problem (for which the Randall Sundrum scenario was originally proposed) is found to exist by suitabl…
The Casimir effect for parallel plates within the frame of five-dimensional Randall-Sundrum model with two branes is reexamined. We argue that the nature of Casimir force is repulsive if the distance between the plates is not extremely tiny, which is not consistent with the experimental phenomena. We also point out that the estimation of the separation between the two branes, by means of Casimir effect for two-parallel-plate system, is not feasible, in contrast to another recent study.
We study the quasinormal modes of the massless scalar field of charged black holes embedded in the Randal-Sundrum brane world using the third order WKB approximation. We consider the effects of the electromagnetic and tidal charges on quasinormal frequencies spectrum for charged black hole black holes as well as the effect of the thickness of the bulk.
In the Randall-Sundrum scenario we consider exact 5-dimensional solutions with localized gravity which are associated with a well defined class of conformal bulk fields. We analyze their behaviour under radion field perturbations. We show that if the Randall-Sundrum exponential warp is the localizing metric function and the equation of state of the conformal fields is not changed by the radion perturbation then the 5-dimensional solutions are unstable. We present new stable solutions which describe on the brane the dynamics of inhomogeneous dust, generalized dark radiation and homogeneous poly…
We show that the singular sources in the energy-momentum tensor for the Randall-Sundrum brane world, viewed as a solution of type IIB supergravity, are composed of two elements. One of these is a D3-brane source with tension opposite in sign to the RS tension in five dimensions; the other arises from patching two regions of flat ten-dimensional spacetime. This resolves an apparent discrepancy between supersymmetry and the sign and magnitude of the RS tension.
We analyse Randall-Sundrum two D-brane model by linear perturbation and then consider the linearised gravity on the D-brane. The qualitative contribution from the Kaluza-Klein modes of gauge fields to the coupling to the gravity on the brane will be addressed. As a consequence, the gauge fields localised on the brane are shown not to contribute to the gravity on the brane at large distances. Although the coupling between gauge fields and gravity appears in the next order, the ordinary coupling cannot be realised.
We provide the exact time-dependent cosmological solutions in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) setup with bulk matter, which may be smoothly connected to the static RS metric. In the static limit of the extra dimension, the solutions are reduced to the standard Friedmann equations. In view of our solutions, we also propose an explanation for how the extra dimension is stabilized in spite of a flat modulus potential at the classical level.
The cosmology of the Randall-Sundrum scenario for a positive tension brane in a 5-D Universe with localized gravity has been studied extensively recently. Here we extend it to more general situations. We consider the time-dependent situation where the two sides of the brane are different AdS/Schwarzschild spaces. We show that the expansion rate in these models during inflation could be larger than in brane worlds with compactified extra dimensions of fixed size. The enhanced expansion rate could lead to the production of density perturbations of substantially larger amplitude.
Recently, Randall and Sundrum proposed a static solution to Einstein's equations in five spacetime dimensions with two 3-branes located at the fixed points of $S^1/Z_2$ to solve the hierarchy problem. We extend the solution and construct static and also inflationary solutions to Einstein's equations in five spacetime dimensions, one of which is compactified on $S^1$, with any number of 3-branes whose locations are taken to be arbitrary. We discuss how the hierarchy problem can be explained in our model.
We present a variant formulation of the Randall-Sundrum model which solves both the hierarchy and charge universality problems. We first critique the rationale for hierarchy solution and 4D effective interactions in the Randall-Sundrum model. We note its asymmetric treatment of matter and gravity in the warped braneworld background, leaving uncalibrated the particle scale; as well as its unconventional spatial attribution of integrated 4D effective gravity. Matter and massless gravitons both localize when branes form to warp spacetime; thus consistent accounting of induced 4D physics must trac…
We discuss the Randall-Sundrum (RS) choice for $h_{MN}$ in the brane-world. We begin with the de Donder gauge (transverse-tracefree) including scalar($h_{55}$), vector($h_{5μ}$) and tensor($h_{μν}$) in five dimensions for comparison. One finds that $h_{55}=0$ and $h_{5μ}=0$. This leads to the RS choice. It appears that the RS choice is so restrictive for the five massless states, whereas it is unique for describing the massive states. Furthermore, one can establish the stability of the RS solution with the RS choice only.
We discuss the problem of localization of 4D massless states in Randall-Sundrum 2 (one-brane) models. A Randall-Sundrum 2 construction starting from N=8 gauged supergravity in 5D Anti de Sitter space gives rise to an N=4 supergravity-matter system. We explicitly show that only the modes of the N=4 graviton supermultiplet localize on the 4D brane, streamlining and generalizing previous works. We also point out that while charged 1/4 BPS black holes do exist in the 4D theory, they are always produced in sets of total charge zero. This zero-charge configuration uplifts to a 5D metric without nake…
We investigate constraints for including bulk and brane matter in the Randall- Sundrum model. In static configurations with two zero thickness branes, we find that no realistic brane matter is possible. We also consider the possibility that the radion has stabilized by dissipating its energy into the bulk in the form of some unspecified matter, and find the Randall-Sundrum cosmological solutions in the presence of bulk ideal fluid. We discover that the metric is necessarily in a static configuration. We also discover that there is only one allowed equation of state for the bulk fluid, $p=ρ$, c…
Compactified AdS space can not be mapped into just one Poincare coordinate chart. This implies that the bulk field spectrum is discrete despite the infinite range of the coordinates. We discuss here why this discretization of the field spectrum seems to be a necessary ingredient for the holographic mapping. For the Randall Sundrum model we show that this discretization appears even without the second brane.
We calculate the entropy of the brane-world black hole in the Randall-Sundrum(RS) model by using the brick-wall method. The modes along the extra dimension are semi-classically quantized on the extra dimension. The number of modes in the extra dimension is given as a simple form with the help of the RS mass relation, and then the entropy for the scalar modes in the five-dimensional spacetime is described by the two-dimensional area of the black brane world.
We discuss the evolution of cosmological tensor perturbations in the RSII model. In Gaussian normal coordinates the wave equation is non-separable, so we use the near-brane limit to perform the separation and study the evolution of perturbations. Massive excitations, which may also mix, decay outside the horizon which could lead to some novel cosmological signatures.
We examine the lowest order quantum corrections to the effective action arising from a quantized real scalar field in the Randall-Sundrum background spacetime. The leading term is the familiar vacuum, or Casimir, energy density. The next term represents an induced gravity term that can renormalize the 4-dimensional Newtonian gravitational constant. The calculations are performed for an arbitrary spacetime dimension. Two inequivalent boundary conditions, corresponding to twisted and untwisted field configurations, are considered. A careful discussion of the regularization and renormalization of…
We obtain some exact results for black holes in the Randall-Sundrum model with a single brane. We consider an extreme black hole charged with respect to a Maxwell field on the brane. The near-horizon geometry is determined. The induced metric on the brane and the black hole entropy are compared with the predictions of 4d General Relativity. There is good agreement for large black holes, with calculable subleading corrections. As a separate application, the bulk solution provides a gravitational dual for (strongly coupled, large N) N=4 SYM in AdS(2)xS(2) for arbitrary relative size of AdS(2) an…
Warped extra dimension claims remarkable success: solving the hierarchy problem; explaining hierarchies in particle phenomenology; yielding standard cosmology, plus interesting nonstandard scenarios. Yet it has marked shortcomings: we over-rely on a single toy model, Randall-Sundrum; we treat matter and gravity in an ad hoc, asymmetric way; and we conceptualize integrated 4D effective field theory inconsistently. I here construct sounder 4D effective field theories for matter and gravity in warped extra dimension -- whether Randall-Sundrum or higher codimension. I track both Planck and particl…
The Goldberger-Wise mechanism of stabilizing modulus in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld,by introducing a bulk scalar field with quartic interaction terms localized at the 3-branes has been extremely popular as a stabilizing mechanism when the back-reaction of the scalar field on the geometry is negligibly small. In this note we re-examine the mechanism by an exact analysis without resorting to the approximations adopted by Goldberger and Wise. An exact calculation of the stabilization condition indicates the existence of closely spaced minimum and a maximum for the potential and also brings out…
Randall-Sundrum model, which has a scalar field, is used to investigate the domain structure of the extra dimension and to obtain a possible solution of the mass hierarchy problem. It is found that when the domain wall size is comparable to that of domains, domains become unstable. To construct a reliable theory, a region of physical parameter space, where domains are stable, is identified. Analytic forms of field configurations are obtained by perturbative expansions in term of a small parameter that is approximately equal to the relative size of domain wall with respect to domains. By placin…
A mapping between two braneworld cosmologies -- Randall-Sundrum and holographic -- is explicitly constructed. The cosmologies are governed by the appropriate modified Friedman equations. A relationship between the corresponding Hubble rates is established.
Considering the Randall-Sundrum background, we calculate the total cross-section for $ϕϕ^\star \to G γ$ in the framework of the scalar electrodynamics.
We investigate the semiclassical instability of the Randall-Sundrum brane world. We carefully analyze the bubble solution with the Randall-Sundrum background, which expresses the decay of the brane world. We evaluate the decay probability following the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum gravity. Since a bubble rapidly expands after the nucleation, the entire spacetime will be occupied by such bubbles.
We modify Randall-Sundrum model of brane-world (with two branes) by adding the scalar curvature squared term in five dimensions. We find that it does not destabilize Randall-Sundrum solution to the hierarchy problem of the Standard Model in particle physics.
We show how the $T^2$ deformation of large $N$, holographic conformal field theories arise from coupling them to the quadratic mass term of ghost-free massive gravity. We then show that in a certain approximation, the equations arising from the variation of the background frame field are those of the Randall--Sundrum II scenario.
We compute the two-derivative low-energy effective action for the radion in the (supersymmetric) Randall-Sundrum scenario with detuned brane tensions. At the classical level, a potential automatically stabilizes the distance between the branes. In the supersymmetric case, supersymmetry can be broken spontaneously by a vacuum expectation value for the fifth component of the graviphoton.
We present a Randall-Sundrum toy model with an added scalar singlet that couples only to KK fermions in the bulk. Such a scalar would nontrivially affect radion phenomenology. In addition, we examine the radion phenomenology in light of the new scalar and show how this scalar could present another probe to search for the radion.
We investigate the spectroscopy of scalar and vector Kaluza-Klein modes that arise in a deformed Randall-Sundrum model that is constructed from Brans-Dicke theory. The non-minimal coupling in the Brans Dicke theory translates into a deformation of the Randall-Sundrum geometry that depends on the Brans-Dicke parameter $ω$. We find that the $ω$ parameter has a non-trivial effect in the spectroscopy of scalar and vector Kaluza-Klein modes. Our results suggest the interpretation of $ω$ as a fine-tuning parameter.
Unparticle behavior is shown to be realized in the Randall-Sundrum 2 (RS 2) and the Lykken-Randall (LR) brane scenarios when brane-localized Standard Model currents are coupled to a massive vector field living in the five-dimensional warped background of the RS 2 model. By the AdS/CFT dictionary these backgrounds exhibit certain properties of the unparticle CFT at large N_c and strong 't Hooft coupling. Within the RS 2 model we also examine and contrast in detail the scalar and vector position-space correlators at intermediate and large distances. Unitarity of brane-to-brane scattering amplitu…
By setting some special boundary conditions in the variational principle we obtain junction conditions for the five-dimensional $f(R)$ gravity which in the Einstein limit $f(R)\rightarrow R$ transform into the standard Randall-Sundrum junction conditions. We apply these junction conditions to a particular model of a Friedmann universe on the brane and show explicitly that the limit gives the standard Randall-Sundrum model Friedmann equation.
We construct the second variation Lagrangian for Randall-Sundrum model with two branes, study its gauge invariance, find the corresponding equations of motion and decouple them. We also derive an effective Lagrangian for this model in the unitary gauge, which describes a massless graviton, massive gravitons and a massless scalar radion. It is shown that the mass spectra of these fields and their couplings to the matter are different on different branes.
We prove the following variational principle for asymptotically Randall-Sundrum (RS) black holes, based on the first law of black hole mechanics: Instantaneously static initial data that extremizes the mass yields a static black hole, for variations at fixed apparent horizon area, AdS curvature length, cosmological constant, brane tensions, and RS brane warp factors. This variational principle is valid with either two branes (RS1) or one brane (RS2), and is applicable to variational trial solutions.
The Kaluza-Klein theory and Randall-Sundrum theory are examined comparatively, with focus on the five dimensional (Dirac) fermion and the dimensional reduction to four dimensions. They are treated in the Cartan formalism. The chiral property, localization, anomaly phenomena are examined. The electric and magnetic dipole moment terms naturally appear. The order estimation of the couplings is done. This is a possible origin of the CP-violation.
We suggest a modification of the Randall-Sundrum scenario which doesn't involve branes with the negative tensions. In our scenario four-dimensional brane world is produced by the external field. The probability of this process is calculated and the physical features of the model are discussed.
Models with one warped and two unwarped extra dimensions allow for the solution of a number of open questions in particle physics. They can be used to solve the hierarchy problem in the same sense as Randall-Sundrum extra dimensions, they incorporate the Randall-Sundrum approach to flavor, and they generate a dark matter candidate via Kaluza-Klein parity in the flat extra dimensions. In this paper, we examine the models AdS_5 x T_2 and AdS_5 x S_2, deriving the Kaluza-Klein spectrum for fermions propagating in the bulk. While the toroidal model allows for a chiral zero mode, we find that the p…
