用AGILE微型量能器探测伽马射线暴
Gamma-ray burst detection with the AGILE mini-calorimeter
摘要：
AGILE卫星上的微型热量计（MCAL）仪器是一种非成像伽马射线闪烁探测器，在300 keV-100 MeV能量范围内灵敏，轴上总几何面积为1400平方厘米。伽马射线暴（GRB）是AGILE任务的主要科学目标之一，MCAL作为一个独立的自触发探测器的设计使其成为一个有价值的全天空GRB监测器。此外，MCAL是极少数在MeV范围内具有微秒计时能力的操作仪器之一。本文介绍和讨论了MCAL在空间运行一年后对γ暴的探测结果。AGILE有效载荷数据处理单元中实现的灵活触发逻辑允许对伽马射线暴进行机载检测。对于触发事件，能量和定时信息被逐个光子地发送到遥测，使得能量和时间分箱仅受计数统计的限制。当触发逻辑不活动时，可以在速率计数据中离线检测到伽玛暴，尽管能量和时间分辨率较差。在2007年6月底到2008年6月之间，MCAL探测到了51个GRB，探测率约为每周1个GRB，加上其他几个几毫秒时间尺度的事件。自2008年2月以来，机载触发逻辑已全面启动。MCAL探测到的事件与其他空间仪器提供的数据的比较证实了灵敏度和有效面积估计。MCAL还加入了第三行星间网络，通过三角测量的方式为伽马射线暴定位做出贡献。
英文摘要：
The Mini-Calorimeter (MCAL) instrument on-board the AGILE satellite is a non-imaging gamma-ray scintillation detector sensitive in the 300keV-100MeV energy range with a total on-axis geometrical area of 1400cm^2. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are one of the main scientific targets of the AGILE mission and the MCAL design as an independent self-triggering detector makes it a valuable all-sky monitor for GRBs. Furthermore MCAL is one of the very few operative instruments with microsecond timing capabilities in the MeV range. In this paper the results of GRB detections with MCAL after one year of operation in space are presented and discussed. A flexible trigger logic implemented in the AGILE payload data-handling unit allows the on-board detection of GRBs. For triggered events, energy and timing information are sent to telemetry on a photon-by-photon basis, so that energy and time binning are limited by counting statistics only. When the trigger logic is not active, GRBs can be detected offline in ratemeter data, although with worse energy and time resolution. Between the end of June 2007 and June 2008 MCAL detected 51 GRBs, with a detection rate of about 1 GRB/week, plus several other events at a few milliseconds timescales. Since February 2008 the on-board trigger logic has been fully active. Comparison of MCAL detected events and data provided by other space instruments confirms the sensitivity and effective area estimations. MCAL also joined the 3rd Inter-Planetary Network, to contribute to GRB localization by means of triangulation.
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