用于精密径向速度测量的廉价单片迈克耳孙干涉仪
An Inexpensive Field-Widened Monolithic Michelson Interferometer for Precision Radial Velocity Measurements
摘要：
我们已经构建了一个热补偿场加宽的单片迈克耳孙干涉仪，它可以与中分辨率摄谱仪一起用于测量恒星的精确多普勒径向速度。我们的原型单片固定延迟干涉仪构造与现成的组件和组装使用水解键合技术。我们安装并测试了这种干涉仪的系外行星跟踪器（ET）仪器在基特峰2.1米望远镜，一台仪器，用于演示分散的固定延迟干涉测量的原则。碘池允许精确校准干涉仪漂移，从而放松对干涉仪本身的稳定性要求。当使用我们的单片干涉仪时，ET仪器没有移动部件（除了碘池），大大简化了操作。我们证明差分径向速度精度的几个ms $^{-1}$著名的径向速度标准和行星轴承恒星时，使用这种干涉仪。这种单片干涉仪将使人们有可能建造相对便宜的仪器，这些仪器易于操作并能够精确测量径向速度。作为斯隆数字巡天III（SDSS III）的一部分，系外行星跟踪器的一个更大的多物体版本将用于对行星系统进行大规模调查。本文中讨论的技术和原理的变体可以直接应用于构建用于此类应用的大型单片干涉仪，从而能够构建能够以高速度精度同时有效观测许多恒星的仪器。
英文摘要：
We have constructed a thermally compensated field-widened monolithic Michelson interferometer that can be used with a medium-resolution spectrograph to measure precise Doppler radial velocities of stars. Our prototype monolithic fixed-delay interferometer is constructed with off-the-shelf components and assembled using a hydrolysis bonding technique. We installed and tested this interferometer in the Exoplanet Tracker (ET) instrument at the Kitt Peak 2.1m telescope, an instrument built to demonstrate the principles of dispersed fixed delay interferometry. An iodine cell allows the interferometer drift to be accurately calibrated, relaxing the stability requirements on the interferometer itself. When using our monolithic interferometer, the ET instrument has no moving parts (except the iodine cell), greatly simplifying its operation. We demonstrate differential radial velocity precision of a few m s$^{-1}$ on well known radial velocity standards and planet bearing stars when using this interferometer. Such monolithic interferometers will make it possible to build relatively inexpensive instruments that are easy to operate and capable of precision radial velocity measurements. A larger multi-object version of the Exoplanet Tracker will be used to conduct a large scale survey for planetary systems as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS III). Variants of the techniques and principles discussed in this paper can be directly applied to build large monolithic interferometers for such applications, enabling the construction of instruments capable of efficiently observing many stars simultaneously at high velocity-precision.
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