A. V. Anisovich, I. Jaegle, E. Klempt, B. Krusche, V. A. Nikonov, A. V. Sarantsev, U. Thoma
A formalism is developed for the partial wave analysis of data on meson photoproduction off deuterons and applied to photoproduction of $η$ and $π^0$ mesons. Different interpretations of a dip-bump structure of the $η$ photoproduction cross section in the 1670 MeV region are presented and discussed. Helicity amplitudes for two low-mass $S_{11}$ states are determined.
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Pronounced effects due to final state hyperon-nucleon interaction are predicted in strangeness photoproduction reaction on the deuteron. Use is made of the covariant reaction formalism and the P- matrix approach to the hyperon-nucleon interaction.
Strangeness photoproduction of the deuteron is investigated theoretically making use of the covariant reaction formalism and the P-matrix approach the final state hyperon-nucleon interaction. Remarkably simple analytical expression for the amplitude is obtained. Pronounced effects due to final state interaction are predicted.
We analyze the exclusive $ϕ$-meson photoproduction on both hydrogen and deuterium targets based on the published data of CLAS, SAPHIR and LEPS collaborations. A dipole-form scalar gravitational form factor is applied to describe the $|t|$-dependence of the differential cross section. Based on the average of all the near-threshold data from CLAS, SAPHIR and LEPS, we find that the proton and deuteron mass radii are $0.75 \pm 0.02$ fm and $1.95 \pm 0.19$ fm respectively. The coherent and near-threshold quarkonium photoproduction seems to be sensitive to the radius of the hadronic system. The vect…
We report measurements of the asymmetry A_parallel for inclusive hadron production on longitudinally polarized proton and deuteron targets by circularly polarized photons. The photons were produced via internal and external bremsstrahlung from an electron beam of 48.35 GeV. Asymmetries for both positive and negative signed hadrons, and a subset of identified pions, were measured in the momentum range 10<P<30 GeV at 2.75 and 5.5 degrees. Small non-zero asymmetries are observed for the proton, while the deuteron results are consistent with zero. Recent calculations do not describe the data well.
Final state hyperon-nucleon interaction in strangeness photoproduction of the deuteron is investigated making use of the covariant reaction formalism and the P-matrix approach to the YN system. Remarkably simple analytical expression for the amplitude is obtained. Pronounced effects due to final state interaction are predicted including the manifestation of the 2.13 GeV resonance.
We investigate the sensitivity of the cross section for lepton pair production off a deuteron target, $γd \to l^+ l^- d$, to the deuteron charge radius. We show that for small momentum transfers the Bethe-Heitler process dominates, and that it is sensitive to the charge radius such that a cross section ratio measurement of about $0.1 \%$ relative accuracy could give a deuteron charge radius more accurate that the current electron scattering value and sufficiently accurate to distinguish between the electronic and muonic atomic values.
Kaon photoproduction on the deuteron is investigated by considering YN and KN rescattering and the two-step process gamma d --> pi NN --> KYN. A strong enhancement in the total cross section is found from the two-step process. YN rescattering has remarkable effects in the inclusive and exclusive cross section, while the effect of KN rescattering is much less important.
Photoproduction of $η$-mesons off protons and deuterons
本文建立了一个包含强子和光子的有效场论，其中强子参数由弹性$π$ N散射数据拟合确定。预测的π介子诱导的$η$ -生产的核子同意与数据。强子模型被用来描述光诱导过程中的末态相互作用。我们提出了一个一致的描述π介子光生在E $_0^+$ -通道和光诱导的$η$ -生产的质子以及对氘核的总截面。
The photoproduction of K0 on the deuteron has been investigated with the inclusion of YN and KN final-state interaction (FSI), as well as the pion-mediated process gamma d --> pi NN --> KYN. The YN rescattering effects for the inclusive cross section are found to be large in the threshold regions. Polarization observables show sizable FSI effects at larger kaon and hyperon angles. It is shown that the extraction of the elementary gamma N --> KY amplitude is possible in the quasi-free scattering region where FSI effects are negligible. Furthermore, the cross sections in this region are large, i…
Photoproduction of the pentaquark particle Theta^+ on the nucleon has been studied by using an isobar and a Regge model. Using the isobar model, total cross sections around 100 nb for the gamma n --> K- Theta+ channel and 400 nb for the gamma p --> {\bar K}0 Theta+ process are obtained. The inclusion of the K* intermediate state yields a substantially large effect, especially in the gamma p --> {\bar K}0 Theta+ process. The Regge approach predicts smaller cross sections, i.e., less than 100 nb (20 nb) for the process on the neutron (proton). By using an elementary operator from the isobar mode…
Single and double polarization observables for kaon photoproduction on the deuteron are studied theoretically with modern hyperon-nucleon forces. The kinematical region of the kaon scattered forward with large momentum is thoroughly investigated where either the quasifree scattering leading to the kaon and hyperon or the final-state interaction between hyperon and nucleon are expected. The quasifree scatterings show characteristic peaks in the inclusive cross sections. The final-state interaction effects are significant, especially around the Lambda-N and Sigma-N thresholds. The double polariz…
We consider photoproduction of $ω$ mesons off complex nuclei to study interactions of transversely and longitudinally polarized vector mesons with nucleons. Whereas the total cross section for interactions of the transversely polarized vector mesons with nucleons $σ_T=σ(V_TN)$ can be obtained from coherent photoproduction, measurements of vector meson photoproduction in the incoherent region provide a unique opportunity to extract the total cross section for longitudinally polarized mesons interacting with nucleons $σ_L=σ(V_LN)$, which has not yet been measured and strongly depends on theoreti…
Sum rules are derived relating mean squared charge radii of the pseudoscalar mesons with the convergent integral of the difference of hadron photoproduction cross-sections on pseudoscalar mesons.
It is shown that the recent results on photoproduction of vector mesons can be naturally explained by using a mass dependent pomeron trajectory.
Tensor meson photoproduction is described as either a direct production process or a consequence of the final state ππinteractions. We calculate the mass distributions for selected partial waves and confront our predictions with the measurements of the CLAS experiment. We also point out the structures in the photoproduction amplitudes which may result in observable effects able to indicate the dominant tensor meson photoporduction mechanism.
We study photoproduction of rho mesons in a model of hidden local symmetry. The rho meson is introduced as a hidden gauge boson and a phenomenological rho meson-nucleon Lagrangian is constructed respecting chiral symmetry. It is shown that the sigma exchange interaction is needed for neutral rho meson photoproduction to reproduce the experimental cross sections. For charged rho meson photoproduction, the model takes into account the rho meson magnetic moments from the three-point vertex in the kinetic terms. We show that the magnetic moment of the charged rho meson has a significant effect on …
Diffractive vector meson photoproduction accompanied by proton dissociation is studied for large momentum transfer. The process is described by the non-forward BFKL equation which we use to compare to data collected at the HERA collider.
QED radiative corrections to the cross section of diffractive electro- and photoproduction of vector mesons is calculated at HERA energies. Both semi-analytical and Monte Carlo approaches are discussed and compared.
The LEPS and CLAS data of the incoherent photoproduction of $ϕ$ meson from deuteron at low energies are studied with a model for $ϕ$ meson photoproduction from nucleon consisting of Pomeron, $π$, and $η$ meson exchanges in the t-channel, and a postulated resonance, with parameters fitted to recent LEPS data on $ϕ$ production from proton near threshold. The resonance was introduced to explain an observed bump in the forward differential cross section. Within impulse approximation, we find that the Fermi motion, final state interaction, and the resonance excitation all give important contributio…
Diffractive vector meson photoproduction accompanied by proton dissociation is studied for large momentum transfer. The process is described by the non-forward BFKL equation, for which a complete analytical solution is found. The scattering amplitudes for all combinations of helicity are presented.
We discuss two production mechanisms of the $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ exotic meson, hadroproduction, using pion beams and photoproduction. We show that the ratio of exotic to non-exotic, in particular the $a_2$, meson production cross sections is expected to be by a factor of 5 to 10 larger, in photoproduction then in hadroproduction. Furthermore we show that the low-t photoproduction of exotic meson is enhanced as compared to hadronic production. This findings support the simple quark picture in which exotic meson production is predicted to be enhanced when the beam is a virtual $Q\bar Q$ pair with a s…
Single meson photoproduction and IR renormalons
用QCD运行耦合常数方法计算了包含单个赝标和矢量介子的高扭机制光生$γh\rightarrow MX$。它被证明，在这种方法的上下文中的光生截面的较高的扭曲的贡献不能被归一化的介子电磁形状因子。给出了高扭转子过程截面的红外重整化子奇异性结构及其近似表达式（Borel和），并与前人的结果及前扭转截面作了比较。讨论了所研究的$π, K, ρ$ -介子光生贡献的唯象效应。
The large $t$ behaviour of the helicity amplitudes of diffractive photoproduction is estimated relying on models of the photon and meson light-cone wave functions and on the double-logarithmic approximation to the exchanged gluon interaction. The role of large-size colour dipole contributions to the photon-meson transition impact factor is discussed.
We show that the differential cross section d_sigma/d_t of gamma p --> ϕp reaction at the threshold is finite and its value is crucial to the mechanism of the phi meson photoproduction and for the models of phi-N interaction.
{We investigate the photoproduction process $ p γ\rightarrow Λ_{c}^{+} \overline{D^{0}}$ within the handbag approach, which we assume to be the dominant mechanism at energies well above the production threshold and in the forward scattering hemisphere.
Diffractive photoproduction of meson pairs in the Söding model
在Söding模型的框架下考虑了具有高质量和横动量的$π^+π^- , K^+K^- , D^+D^-$介子对的衍射光生。计算了这些过程的总截面和微分截面。强调了形状因子的作用。
The scalar mesons f0(1370), f0(1500) and f0(1710) are of interest as there is as yet no consensus of their status, or indeed of the existence of the f0(1370). Radiative decays to rho and omega have been shown to provide effective probes of their structure and to discriminate among models. Scalar-meson photoproduction is proposed as an alternative and it is shown that it represents a feasible approach.
We study the spin-dependent cross-sections of vector meson photoproduction for longitudinally and transversely polarized photons within a QCD- model. The dependence of the $σ_T/σ_L$ ratio on the photon virtuality and on the meson wave function is analysed.
We point out a significance of ultraperipheral photoproduction of vector mesons in the Coulomb field of nuclei as a means of measuring the radius of the neutral vector meson. This new contribution to the production amplitude is very small compared to the conventional diffractive amplitude, but because of large impact parameters inherent to the ultraperipheral Coulomb mechanism its impact on the diffraction slope is substantial. We predict appreciable and strongly energy dependent increase of the diffraction slope towards very small momentum transfer.The magnitude of the effect is proportional …
We propose a model based on Regge theory to describe photoproduction of light vector mesons. We fit the SLAC data and make predictions for the energy and momentum transfer dependence of the spin-density matrix elements in photoproduction of $ω$, $ρ^0$ and $ϕ$ mesons at $E_γ\sim 8.5$ GeV, which are soon to be measured at Jefferson Lab.
We present predictions for differential cross sections for the reaction $γp \to Φp$ and give an outlook to which extent our calculations may be generalized to the photoproduction of $J/Ψ$ mesons. Our results are obtained within perturbative QCD treating the proton as a quark-diquark system.
Both meson photoproduction and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering can potentially probe transversity in the nucleon. We explore how that potential can be realized dynamically. The role of rescattering in both exclusive and inclusive meson production as a source for transverse polarization asymmetry is examined. We use a dynamical model to calculate the asymmetry and relate that to the transversity distribution of the nucleon.
We discuss the problem of gauge invariance of the vector meson photoproduction at small $x$ within the two-gluon exchange model. It is found that the gauge invariance is fulfilled if one includes the graphs with higher Fock states in the meson wave function. Obtained results are used to estimate the amplitudes with longitudinal and transverse photon and vector meson polarization.
At moderate and large momentum transfer, high energy vector meson photoproduction and Compton scattering can be consistently explained by mechanisms based on interactions and exchanges of constituent quarks and gluons. This opens an original window on the partonic structure of hadronic matter by emphasizing the role of quark correlations, quark exchange as implemented through saturating Regge trajectories and non-perturbative effects in the gluon propagator, which provides us with a bridge with lattice calculations. Compton scattering is directly related to vector meson photoproduction and enl…
We analyze the predictions of perturbative QCD for pion photoproduction on the deuteron, gamma D -> pi^0 D, at large momentum transfer using the reduced amplitude formalism. The cluster decomposition of the deuteron wave function at small binding only allows the nuclear coherent process to proceed if each nucleon absorbs an equal fraction of the overall momentum transfer. Furthermore, each nucleon must scatter while remaining close to its mass shell. Thus the nuclear photoproduction amplitude, M_{gamma D -> pi^0 D}(u,t), factorizes as a product of three factors: (1) the nucleon photoproduction…
The strong electromagnetic fields associated with high energy protons and nuclei may lead to exclusive photoproduction of vector mesons in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. This paper will discuss the expected cross sections and rapidity and transverse momentum distributions.
A model based on a dipole Pomeron framework for vector meson exclusive photoproduction by real and virtual photons shows very good agreement with the experimental data. The model does not violate unitarity constrains and describes in a universal manner all the available data for $ρ$, $ω$, $ϕ$, $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ vector meson photoproduction in the region of energies $1.7\le W \le 250 GeV$ and photon virtualities $0 \le Q^2 \le 35 GeV^2$.
The Photoproduction of Hybrid Mesons from Cebaf to HERA
对最近发现的几种$J^{PC} = 1^{-+}, 0^{-+}$、$1^{--}$和$2^{-+}$介子的衰变宽度、分支比和产生动力学进行了计算，发现它们与杂化介子的性质有很好的一致性。我们提出了这种新的动力学测试，强调关键作用的$πb_1$或$πh_1$衰变通道在区分传统国家的混合动力车，并建议，光生产可能提供特殊的机会，隔离和确认的混合动力车。
It is shown that birefringence effect influences on production of particles with the spin S greater or equal then 1 at collisions of high energy particles.
Using the description of the subprocess $γγ^*\to S(P)$ in terms of local Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model we calculate the cross sections of photoproduction of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in high energy photon-lepton collisions processes. The dependence on the transversal momentum and the total cross sections in Weizsaecker-Williams approximation are presented.
We study $η$ photoproduction off the deuteron ($γd\toηpn$) at a special kinematics: $\sim 0.94$ GeV of the photon beam energy and $\sim 0^\circ$ of the scattering angle of the proton. This kinematics is ideal to extract the low-energy $η$-nucleon scattering parameters such as $a_{ηN}$ (scattering length) and $r_{ηN}$ (effective range) because the $η$-nucleon elastic scattering is significantly enhanced. We show that if a ratio $R$, the $γd\toηpn$ cross section divided by the $γp\toηp$ cross section convoluted with the proton momentum distribution in the deuteron, is measured with 5% error, ${\…
We suggest to measure the triple polarization correlations in the exclusive associative charm particle photoproduction, vector gamma + vector p --> vector Lambda_c^{++} bar{D^0} with linearly polarized photons, as a method to determine the P-parity of the charmed D-meson. The dependence of these correlations on the parity P(N Lambda_c D) can be predicted in model independent way. The t-dependence of the differential cross section for vector meson photoproduction, gamma + p --> Lambda_c^{++} bar{D^{*0}}, in a model based on D-exchange, is also sensitive to P(N Lambda_c D).
We analyze contributions to the electric dipole (EDM) and Schiff (SFM) moments of deuteron induced by the CP-violating three-pseudoscalar meson couplings using phenomenological Lagrangian approach involving nucleons and pseudoscalar mesons $P=π, K, η, η'$. Deuteron is considered as a proton-neutron bound state and its properties are defined by one- and two-body forces. One-body forces correspond to a picture there proton and neutron are quasi free constituents of deuteron and their contribution to the deuteron EDM (dEDM) is simply the sum of proton and neutron EDMs. Two-body forces in deuteron…
An analysis of light vector meson photoproduction at small $x$ on the basis of the generalized parton distribution (GPD) approach is presented. Our results on the cross section and spin density matrix elements (SDME) are in fair agreement with DESY experiments. The predicted double spin longitudinal $A_{LL}$ asymmetry is not small at HERMES energies.
Probing Polarized Parton Distributions with Meson Photoproduction
高横动量介子光生过程中的极化不对称性是测量极化夸克分布的一种敏感方法。我们计算了几个模型中的预期不对称性，发现这些不对称性是显著的，并且在模型之间也有显著差异。合适的数据可以作为测量$g_1$的深度非弹性实验的副产品或来自专用实验。
The light-quark non-strange scalar mesons a0(980), f0(980), f0(1370), a0(1450), f0(1500) and f0(1710) are of great interest as there is no generally accepted view of their structure which can encompass q-q-qbar-qbar, molecular, q-qbar and glueball states in various combinations. It has been shown previously that the radiative decays of the scalar mesons to rho and omega are a good probe of their structure and provide good discrimination among models. Scalar meson photoproduction is proposed as an alternative to measuring radiative decays and it is shown that it is a feasible proposition.
In this study, we try to extract the mass radii of the neutron and the proton from the differential cross section data of near-threshold $ω$ and $ϕ$ photoproductions on deuterium target, which is often approximated as a quasi-free neutron plus a quasi-free proton. The incoherent data of $ω$ and $ϕ$ photoproductions are provided by CBELSA/TAPS collaboration and LEPS collaboration respectively, where the deuteron is disintegrated in the experiments to measure the properties of individual nucleons. Under the VMD model and the assumption of dipole gravitational form factor, we determined the loose…
P-wave amplitudes for elastic K+ K- photoproduction on hydrogen near the phi(1020) resonance have been derived in an analytical form and a partial wave decomposition of the amplitudes has been performed. We discuss the high energy limit of the resulting amplitudes and compare two types of pomeron coupling to nucleons.
We consider the photoproduction of secondary mesons in the framework of the Quark-Gluon String model. At relatively low energies, not only cylindrical, but also planar diagrams have to be accounted for. To estimate the significant contribution of planar diagrams in gamma-p collisions at rather low energies, we have used the expression obtained from the corresponding phenomenological expression for pi-p collisions. The results obtained by the model are compared to the existing SLAC experimental data. The model predictions for light meson production at HERMES energies are also presented.
At forward angles, the cross-sections of photoproduction of vector mesons ($ρ$, $ω$, and $ϕ$) are well accounted for by the exchange of the Pomeron at high energies, while contributions of $t$ channel exchange of Reggeons are significant at low energies. At large angles, the impact parameter becomes small enough to prevent their constituents to build up the exchanged Reggeons or Pomeron. Two gluon exchange appears to dominate above $-t\simeq 1$ GeV$^2$, especially in the $ϕ$ channel.
We analyze the process $\vec γ+p\to ρ^0 π^{+}n$ at low momentum transfer focusing on a possibility of production of an exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ meson state. In particular we discuss polarization observables and conclude that linear photon polarization is instrumental for separating of the exotic wave.
In the framework of the vector dominance model (VDM) new contribution into the cross-section of $D^*$-meson photoproduction at HERA has been estimated. This contribution is due to the interaction of the virtual vector $c\bar c$-mesons from photon with the proton. It has been shown that the mechanism under discussion plays the essential role for all values of transverse momentum of $D^*$-mesons at HERA. Taking into account for the contribution of this mechanism improves the description of the experimental cross section distribution.
Measuring Polarized Gluon and Quark Distributions with Meson Photoproduction
我们计算了高横动量介子光生过程中的偏振不对称性，重点是带电π介子，考虑了直接、碎裂和分辨光子过程。在很高的介子动量测量极化夸克分布的结果是敏感的现有模型之间的差异。中等介子动量下的结果对极化胶子分布敏感，为测量极化胶子分布提供了一种很好的方法，合适的数据可能来自于深度非弹性实验测量$g_1$的副产品或专门实验。
Regge Pole Model for Vector Meson Photoproduction at HERA
最近的$HERA$数据的矢量介子的光生分析内的“软”，偶极pomeron模型。我们认为，$σ^{γ\rightarrow J/ψ}_{el}$的数据是一致的软pomeron，由于$σ_{el}$相对于$σ_{tot}$的延迟渐近的非渐近效应造成的明显的快速增加。
In an exclusive measurement of the reaction $γd \to K^+ K^- p n$, a narrow peak that can be attributed to an exotic baryon with strangeness $S=+1$ is seen in the $K^+n$ invariant mass spectrum. The peak is at $1.542\pm 0.005$ GeV/c$^2$ with a measured width of 0.021 GeV/c$^2$ FWHM, which is largely determined by experimental mass resolution. The statistical significance of the peak is $5.2 \pm 0.6 σ$. The mass and width of the observed peak are consistent with recent reports of a narrow $S=+1$ baryon by other experimental groups.
Light vector meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the LHC within the Reggeometric Pomeron approach
本文利用成功描述高能轻子-核子数据的Reggeometric Pomeron模型，分析了LHC超外围重离子碰撞中的轻介子产生，并研究了铅-铅、氙-氙和氧-氧碰撞中$ρ$和$ϕ$光致产生的快度分布。
Gluon density and its distributions inside nuclei and the parton modification of bounded nucleons inside a nucleus, are some of the main standing problems in nuclear and particle physics. In recent years, ultra-peripheral collisions (UPC) of heavy ions have provided a new way of probing the gluon density, which is based on coherent diffractive vector-meson productions, e.g., $J/ψ$ meson. For heavy ions, e.g., Pb, the gluon density is found to be significantly suppressed through the UPC $J/ψ$ measurement, suggesting a strong gluon shadowing effect in heavy nuclei. In this analysis, we aim to lo…
Revisiting the deuteron mass radius via near-threshold $ρ^0$, $ω$ and $ϕ$ meson photoproduction
本研究结合 DESY、SLAC、LEPS 与 CLAC 近阈值矢量介子光生数据，在 VMD 与低能 QCD 框架下提取氘核质量半径，偶极假设下得到 $2.03\pm0.13$ fm。
We discuss the procedure of extracting the photoproduction cross section for neutral pseudoscalar mesons off neutrons from deuteron data. The main statement is that the final-state interaction (FSI) corrections for the proton and neutron target are in general not equal, but for pi0 production there are special cases were they have to be identical and there are large regions in the parameter space of incident photon energy and pion polar angle, θ^*, where they happen to be quite similar. The corrections for both target nucleons are practically identical for $π_0$ production in the energy range …
We propose that the scalar $κ(800)$ meson may play an important role in $K^*$ photoproduction. In the reactions of $γp \to K^{*+} Λ$ and $γp \to K^{*0} Σ^+$, we consider the production mechanisms including $t$-channel $K^*$, $K$, $κ$ exchanges, s-channel $N$, $Δ$ diagrams, and $u$-channel $Λ$, $Σ$, $Σ^*$ diagrams within the tree level approximation, and find that the $κ$-meson exchange may contribute significantly to $K^*Σ$ photoproduction, while it is rather supplementary in $K^*Λ$ photoproduction. We demonstrate how the observables of $K^*$ photoproduction can be used to constrain the $κ$ me…
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