2 P/Encke彗星彗核的光度测量和偏振测量
Photometry and polarimetry of the nucleus of comet 2P/Encke
摘要：
本文测量了2 P/Encke核在4 - 28度相位角范围内的宽带成像光度学、宽带和窄带线性偏振学。对彗星的点扩散函数的分析表明，只有微弱的彗发活动，相当于0.05千克/秒的尘埃产生量。原子核显示出几乎线性斜率的与颜色无关的光度相位函数。在零相位角的绝对R滤波器幅度是15.05 +/- 0.05，并且对应于2.43 +/- 0.06 km的核的等效半径（对于0.047的所采用的半径）。核颜色V-R为0.47 +/- 0.07，表明光谱斜率为11 +/-8%/100 nm。在V和R滤波器中的线性偏振的相位函数示出了与相位角（0.12 +/- 0.02%/度）无关的广泛颜色线性增加。我们发现2 P/Encke和太阳系中其他小天体之间的光度和偏振参数存在差异，这可能表明天体的表面材料性质和光散射行为存在显着差异。这里提出的线性极化相位函数的2 P/恩克是有史以来第一次测量的彗星核，它的分析鼓励未来的研究彗星核，以表征彗星的光散射行为的坚实的经验基础，并提供适当的输入彗星表面的光散射的全面建模。
英文摘要：
Broadband imaging photometry, and broadband and narrowband linear polarimetry was measured for the nucleus of 2P/Encke over the phase-angle range 4 - 28 deg. An analysis of the point spread function of the comet reveals only weak coma activity, corresponding to a dust production of the order of 0.05 kg/s. The nucleus displays a color independent photometric phase function of almost linear slope. The absolute R filter magnitude at zero phase angle is 15.05 +/- 0.05, and corresponds to an equivalent radius for the nucleus of 2.43 +/- 0.06 km (for an adopted albedo of 0.047). The nucleus color V - R is 0.47 +/- 0.07, suggesting a spectral slope of 11 +/- 8 %/100nm. The phase function of linear polarimetry in the V and R filters shows a widely color independent linear increase with phase angle (0.12 +/- 0.02%/deg). We find discrepancies in the photometric and polarimetric parameters between 2P/Encke and other minor bodies in the solar system, which may indicate significant differences in the surface material properties and light-scattering behavior of the bodies. The linear polarimetric phase function of 2P/Encke presented here is the first ever measured for a cometary nucleus, and its analysis encourages future studies of cometary nuclei in order to characterize the light-scattering behavior of comets on firm empirical grounds and provide suitable input to a comprehensive modeling of the light scattering by cometary surfaces.
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