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arXiv 0809.1352astro-ph
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中子星X射线爆发期间的Angular momentum输运:数值广义相对论流体动力学研究

Angular momentum transport during X-ray bursts on neutron stars: a numerical general relativistic hydrodynamical study

A. Hujeirat, F. -K. Thielemann

摘要:

用三维轴对称广义相对论流体力学方法研究了中子星X射线爆发时物质的角动量分布。采用隐式求解器GR-I-RMHD结合三阶空间和二阶时间平流格式隐式求解了完全广义相对论性纳维-斯托克斯方程。粘性算子是在缓慢旋转的中子星的固定背景下用类Kerr度规表示的,中子星的半径与其最后的稳定轨道相一致。这些运营商的重要性和可能的简化进行了讨论。在旋转的情况下,并取决于粘度参数,$α_\mm{tur}$,它被发现,粘性引发的前在中心的爆发传播速度比流体运动快得多。这些快锋的作用是将角动量与物质解耦:角动量向外传输,而物质向内沉入中子星的深引力阱,从而增强了启动点火所需的物质压缩,随后在粘性时间尺度上遍布中子星的整个表面。在数值模拟的基础上,我们发现粘性参数$α_\mm{tur} = \mathcal{O}(0.1)$最适合于X射线爆发期间中子星的观测。我们认为,在X射线暴的冷却尾部观察到的自旋上升是一个瞬态阶段,最终应该遵循一个自旋下降阶段。这种延迟可以归因于由于外层物质的快速冷却而导致的粘性时间尺度的显著延长。

英文摘要:

The distribution of angular momentum of the matter during X-ray bursts on neutron stars is studied by means of 3D axi-symmetric general relativistic hydrodynamics. The set of fully general relativistic Navier-Stokes equations is solved implicitly using the implicit solver GR-I-RMHD in combination with a third order spatial and second order temporal advection scheme. The viscous operators are formulated using a Kerr-like metric in the fixed background of a slowly rotating neutron star whose radius coincides with the corresponding last stable orbit. The importance of these operators and their possible simplifications are discussed as well. In the rotating case and depending on the viscosity parameter, $α_\mm{tur}$, it is found that the viscously-initiated fronts at the center of bursts propagate at much faster speed than the fluid motion. These fast fronts act to decouple angular momentum from matter: angular momentum is transported outwards while matter sinks inwards into the deep gravitational well of the neutron star, thereby enhancing the compression of matter necessary for initiating ignition, that subsequently spreads over the whole surface of the neutron star on the viscous time scale. Based on the numerical simulations, we find that a viscosity parameter $α_\mm{tur} = \mathcal{O}(0.1)$ is most suitable for fitting observations of neutron stars during X-ray bursts. It is argued that the spin up observed in the cooling tails of X-ray bursts is a transient phase, which eventually should be followed by a spin down phase. This delay can be attributed to a significant lengthening of the viscous time scale due to rapid cooling of matter in the outer layers.

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