μ子氢的长寿命$2s$态：布居数和寿命
Long-lived $2s$ state of muonic hydrogen: population and lifetime
摘要：
首次对长寿命$(μp)_{2s}$的密度依赖的布居数和寿命以及动能为0.9 keV的$(μp)_{1s}$原子的产额进行了从头算研究。直接库仑$2s\to 1s$去激发被证明是占主导地位的$2s$态的猝灭机制，在低于$2p$阈值的动能和解释的亚稳态$2s$态的寿命和高能量0.9 keV的组分$(μp)_{1S}$在低密度下观察到。弹性，斯塔克和库仑退激过程的横截面已被计算在紧密耦合的方法，考虑到第一次的封闭通道和阈值效应，由于真空极化位移的$ns$状态。截面被用作详细研究原子级联动力学的输入数据。在低密度下的理论预测与已知的实验数据进行了比较。对于液氢密度，预测0.9 keV $(μp)_{1s}$原子的产率为40%。
英文摘要：
Ab initio study of the density-dependent population and lifetime of the long-lived $(μp)_{2s}$ and the yield of $(μp)_{1s}$ atoms with kinetic energy 0.9 keV have been performed for the first time. The direct Coulomb $2s\to 1s$ deexcitation is proved to be the dominant quenching mechanism of the $2s$ state at kinetic energy below $2p$ threshold and explain the lifetime of the metastable $2s$ state and high-energy 0.9 keV component of $(μp)_{1S}$ observed at low densities. The cross sections of the elastic, Stark and Coulomb deexcitation processes have been calculated in the close-coupling approach taking into account for the first time both the closed channels and the threshold effects due to vacuum polarization shifts of the $ns$ states. The cross sections are used as the input data in the detailed study of the atomic cascade kinetics. The theoretical predictions are compared with the known experimental data at low densities. The 40% yield of the 0.9 keV$(μp)_{1s}$ atoms is predicted for liquid hydrogen density.
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