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arXiv 0809.0317astro-ph
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老恒星II中的原子扩散和混合。用VLT/FLAMES-GIRAFFE观测球状星团NGC 6397中的恒星

Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars II. Observations of stars in the globular cluster NGC 6397 with VLT/FLAMES-GIRAFFE

K. Lind, A. J. Korn, P. S. Barklem, F. Grundahl

摘要:

最近在球状星团NGC 6397([Fe/H]=-2)中发现了表面重元素丰度的演化趋势,表明这些恒星中存在原子扩散作用。这种趋势构成了重要的限制,在何种程度上扩散修改的内部结构和表面的太阳型,贫金属恒星的丰度。我们执行一个独立的检查的现实和大小的丰度变化,在这个贫金属球状星团。观测数据覆盖一个大的恒星样本,位于集群的关闭点和红巨星分支的基础之间,均匀分析。光谱数据由VLT-UT 2上的中高分辨率光谱仪FLAMES/GIRAFFE获得。我们从巴耳末线的轮廓拟合和应用色温校准Strömgren紫外和宽带BVI光度法获得独立的有效温度尺度。一个自动化的光谱分析代码一起使用网格的MARCS模型大气,以获得恒星表面的镁,钙,钛和铁的丰度。我们系统地确定了更高的铁丰度的演化恒星。与我们样本中最冷、最进化的恒星相比,关闭点恒星表面铁的丰度低0.13dex。有一个强有力的迹象表明,在镁类似的趋势,而钙和钛的丰度更均匀。在合理的误差范围内,所获得的丰度趋势与恒星结构模型的预测,包括扩散过程(沉降,悬浮),如果额外的湍流混合下面的外对流区包括在内。

英文摘要:

Evolutionary trends in the surface abundances of heavier elements have recently been identified in the globular cluster NGC 6397 ([Fe/H]=-2), indicating the operation of atomic diffusion in these stars. Such trends constitute important constraints for the extent to which diffusion modifies the internal structure and surface abundances of solar-type, metal-poor stars. We perform an independent check of the reality and size of abundance variations within this metal-poor globular cluster. Observational data covering a large stellar sample, located between the cluster turn-off point and the base of the red giant branch, are homogeneously analysed. The spectroscopic data were obtained with the medium-high resolution spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE on VLT-UT2. We derive independent effective-temperature scales from profile fitting of Balmer lines and by applying colour-temperature calibrations to Strömgren uvby and broad-band BVI photometry. An automated spectral analysis code is used together with a grid of MARCS model atmospheres to derive stellar surface abundances of Mg, Ca, Ti, and Fe. We identify systematically higher iron abundances for more evolved stars. The turn-off point stars are found to have 0.13dex lower surface abundances of iron compared to the coolest, most evolved stars in our sample. There is a strong indication of a similar trend in magnesium, whereas calcium and titanium abundances are more homogeneous. Within reasonable error limits, the obtained abundance trends are in agreement with the predictions of stellar structure models including diffusive processes (sedimentation, levitation), if additional turbulent mixing below the outer convection zone is included.

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