光学超晶格中冷原子的局域弛豫
Probing local relaxation of cold atoms in optical superlattices
摘要：
在猝灭量子系统相干非平衡动力学弛豫过程的研究中，周期为2的光学超晶格中的超冷原子提供了一个非常有成效的实验场。在这项工作中，我们考虑了一个特定的，实验上可访问的初始状态准备在超晶格结构下发展的玻色哈伯德哈密顿在整个范围内的相互作用强度的动力学，进一步调查的问题在参考[物理。101，063001（2008）]。我们研究的弛豫动力学分析在非相互作用和硬核玻色子限制，推导出明确的表达式的某些关联函数的动力学，和数值有限的相互作用强度使用时间依赖的密度矩阵重整化（t-DMRG）的方法。我们可以识别局部弛豫的特征，这些特征可以通过现有技术进行实验。当全局系统保持关于初始条件的信息时，局部系统松弛到具有关于初始条件的约束的最大熵的状态。对于有限的相互作用强度和有限的时间，弛豫动力学包含签名的非相互作用和硬核玻色子限制的弛豫动力学。
英文摘要：
In the study of relaxation processes in coherent non-equilibrium dynamics of quenched quantum systems, ultracold atoms in optical superlattices with periodicity two provide a very fruitful test ground. In this work, we consider the dynamics of a particular, experimentally accessible initial state prepared in a superlattice structure evolving under a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian in the entire range of interaction strengths, further investigating the issues raised in Ref. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 063001 (2008)]. We investigate the relaxation dynamics analytically in the non interacting and hard core bosonic limits, deriving explicit expressions for the dynamics of certain correlation functions, and numerically for finite interaction strengths using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization (t-DMRG) approach. We can identify signatures of local relaxation that can be accessed experimentally with present technology. While the global system preserves the information about the initial condition, locally the system relaxes to the state having maximum entropy respecting the constraints of the initial condition. For finite interaction strengths and finite times, the relaxation dynamics contains signatures of the relaxation dynamics of both the non-interacting and hard core bosonic limits.
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