将认知卸载到认知技术上
Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology
摘要：
“认知”（例如，思想、理解和认识）是一种精神状态。没有心理状态的系统，如认知技术，有时可以对人类认知做出贡献，但这并不能使它们成为认知者。认知者可以将他们的一些认知功能转移到认知技术上，从而将他们的表现能力扩展到超出他们自己脑力的极限。语言本身是一种认知技术，它允许认知者将自己的一些认知功能转移到其他认知者的大脑中。语言还扩展了认知者的个体和联合表现能力，通过交互和协作认知来分配负荷。阅读、写作、印刷、电信和计算进一步扩展认知者的能力。现在，网络，其网络的认知者，数字数据库和软件代理，所有访问任何时间，任何地方，已经成为我们的“认知共享”，其中分布式的认知者和认知技术可以在全球范围内进行交互，其速度，范围和程度的交互性是无法想象的，通过当地的个人认知。就像语言这种最优秀的认知工具一样，这些技术变化不仅仅是工具性的和数量性的：它们对我们如何思考和编码信息、我们如何相互交流、我们的精神状态以及我们的本性都有深远的影响。
英文摘要：
"Cognizing" (e.g., thinking, understanding, and knowing) is a mental state. Systems without mental states, such as cognitive technology, can sometimes contribute to human cognition, but that does not make them cognizers. Cognizers can offload some of their cognitive functions onto cognitive technology, thereby extending their performance capacity beyond the limits of their own brain power. Language itself is a form of cognitive technology that allows cognizers to offload some of their cognitive functions onto the brains of other cognizers. Language also extends cognizers' individual and joint performance powers, distributing the load through interactive and collaborative cognition. Reading, writing, print, telecommunications and computing further extend cognizers' capacities. And now the web, with its network of cognizers, digital databases and software agents, all accessible anytime, anywhere, has become our 'Cognitive Commons,' in which distributed cognizers and cognitive technology can interoperate globally with a speed, scope and degree of interactivity inconceivable through local individual cognition alone. And as with language, the cognitive tool par excellence, such technological changes are not merely instrumental and quantitative: they can have profound effects on how we think and encode information, on how we communicate with one another, on our mental states, and on our very nature.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
