确认偏差与开放获取优势--对戴维斯引文研究的一些方法学建议
Confirmation Bias and the Open Access Advantage: Some Methodological Suggestions for the Davis Citation Study
摘要：
Davis（2008）分析了2004-2007年11种生物医学期刊的引文。15%的作者付费使其成为开放获取（OA）。结果是一个显着的OA引用优势，但一个小的（21%）。作者推断，OA优势每年都在缩小，但数据显示相反。需要进一步分析：（1）不仅需要考虑作者选择（付费）OA，还需要考虑免费OA自存档，而不是将其视为非OA。(2)需要报告和考虑每个期刊每年OA文章的比例。(3)需要考虑期刊影响因子和OA优势文章“引用括号”大小之间的关系。(4)影响力最大、样本量最大的期刊PNAS的样本量受到限制，并被排除在一些分析之外。需要完整的PNAS数据集。(5)OA和时间之间的相互作用，2004-2007年，是基于2008年6月的总累计引文计数的回顾性数据。引用的文章和引用的文章的日期都需要考虑。作者认为作者自我选择偏见是观察到的OA优势的主要原因，但本研究没有测试这一点或任何其他潜在的因果因素。作者认为，支付OA是不值得的成本，每额外的引用。但是随着OA的自我存档，OA和额外的引用都是免费的。
英文摘要：
Davis (2008) analyzes citations from 2004-2007 in 11 biomedical journals. 15% of authors paid to make them Open Access (OA). The outcome is a significant OA citation Advantage, but a small one (21%). The author infers that the OA advantage has been shrinking yearly, but the data suggest the opposite. Further analyses are necessary: (1) Not just author-choice (paid) OA but Free OA self-archiving needs to be taken into account rather than being counted as non-OA. (2) proportion of OA articles per journal per year needs to be reported and taken into account. (3) The Journal Impact Factor and the relation between the size of the OA Advantage article 'citation-bracket' need to be taken into account. (4) The sample-size for the highest-impact, largest-sample journal analyzed, PNAS, is restricted and excluded from some of the analyses. The full PNAS dataset is needed. (5) The interaction between OA and time, 2004-2007, is based on retrospective data from a June 2008 total cumulative citation count. The dates of both the cited articles and the citing articles need to be taken into account. The author proposes that author self-selection bias for is the primary cause of the observed OA Advantage, but this study does not test this or of any of the other potential causal factors. The author suggests that paid OA is not worth the cost, per extra citation. But with OA self-archiving both the OA and the extra citations are free.
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