性总是很值得它的两倍成本
Sex is always well worth its two-fold cost
摘要：
性被认为是一个进化的悖论，因为它的进化优势并不一定克服与另一个种群成员共享后代一半基因组的双重代价。在这里，我们证明了，有性生殖可以是进化稳定的，即使它的达尔文适应度是两倍低的无性突变体的适应度相比。我们还表明，两种以上的性别总是进化不稳定的。我们的方法推广了演化博弈论来分析物种的成员能够感觉到他们的同种的性状态，并因此切换性别。因此，性的广泛出现和维持是由于它与更广泛的环境感知能力的共同进化。
英文摘要：
Sex is considered as an evolutionary paradox, since its evolutionary advantage does not necessarily overcome the two fold cost of sharing half of one's offspring's genome with another member of the population. Here we demonstrate that sexual reproduction can be evolutionary stable even when its Darwinian fitness is twice as low when compared to the fitness of asexual mutants. We also show that more than two sexes are always evolutionary unstable. Our approach generalizes the evolutionary game theory to analyze species whose members are able to sense the sexual state of their conspecifics and to switch sexes consequently. The widespread emergence and maintenance of sex follows therefore from its co-evolution with even more widespread environmental sensing abilities.
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