熵能拯救细菌吗？
Can entropy save bacteria?
摘要：
本文提出了一个物理生物学的方法来了解组织和分离的细菌染色体。作者使用了一个“活塞”的细胞中的细菌染色体的类比，这导致了一个相图的组织限制在一个封闭的几何形状，其特征在于两个长度尺度（长度和宽度）的两个无热链。当应用于大肠杆菌等杆状细菌时，该相图预测，尽管受到强限制，复制的染色体仍将分层，即，存在染色体分离的原始物理驱动力。作者用同心壳模型讨论了复制染色体的分离，该模型预测在复制过程中，新合成的DNA将在染色体的外围被发现。与染色体相反，这些结果表明，大多数质粒将随机分布在细胞内，因为它们的小尺寸。因此，需要一种主动分配系统来精确分离低拷贝数质粒。这些结果的影响也概述，例如，关于蛋白质的作用，不同形状细菌的分离机制，人工细胞的细胞周期和进化。
英文摘要：
This article presents a physical biology approach to understanding organization and segregation of bacterial chromosomes. The author uses a "piston" analogy for bacterial chromosomes in a cell, which leads to a phase diagram for the organization of two athermal chains confined in a closed geometry characterized by two length scales (length and width). When applied to rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli, this phase diagram predicts that, despite strong confinement, duplicated chromosomes will demix, i.e., there exists a primordial physical driving force for chromosome segregation. The author discusses segregation of duplicating chromosomes using the concentric-shell model, which predicts that newly synthesized DNA will be found in the periphery of the chromosome during replication. In contrast to chromosomes, these results suggest that most plasmids will be randomly distributed inside the cell because of their small sizes. An active partitioning system is therefore required for accurate segregation of low-copy number plasmids. Implications of these results are also sketched, e.g., on the role of proteins, segregation mechanisms for bacteria of diverse shapes, cell cycle of an artificial cell, and evolution.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
