摘要:我们研究了在三维弱磁化磁流体动力学模拟的收敛流在热膨胀,温暖的中性介质(WNM)中形成的团块的性质。我们发现:(1)与经典两相介质中的情况类似,冷的、致密的团块通过在会聚流之间的压缩层中的动态触发的热不稳定性形成,并且通常以在其边界处的急剧密度跳跃为特征,尽管不总是如此。(2)然而,团块的边界是相变前沿,而不是接触不连续性,因此它们的尺寸和质量主要是通过WNM材料通过它们的边界吸积而增长的。(3)团块边界通常由热不稳定气体的薄层组成,但这些层通常会因湍流而变宽,并深入团块中。(4)团块与其周围环境大致处于冲压和热压力平衡,这种条件使其内部马赫数与碰撞WNM流的大部分马赫数相当。(5)团块的平均温度通常为20 < T < 50 K,对应于它们在近等温状态方程下包含的广泛密度范围(20 < n < 5000 pcc)。(6)WNM的湍流冲压压力波动引起密度波动,然后作为种子的局部引力坍缩内的团块。(7)速度和磁场倾向于在团块内彼此对齐,尽管两者都是显著波动的,这表明速度倾向于拉伸并使磁场与之对齐。(8)团块中的典型平均场强比WNM中的平均场强大几倍。(9)磁场强度平均值为B ~ 6 μ G..
英文摘要:
Abridged: We study the properties of clumps formed in three-dimensional weakly magnetized magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of converging flows in the thermally bistable, warm neutral medium (WNM). We find that: (1) Similarly to the situation in the classical two-phase medium, cold, dense clumps form through dynamically-triggered thermal instability in the compressed layer between the convergent flows, and are often characterised by a sharp density jump at their boundaries though not always. (2) However, the clumps are bounded by phase-transition fronts rather than by contact discontinuities, and thus they grow in size and mass mainly by accretion of WNM material through their boundaries. (3) The clump boundaries generally consist of thin layers of thermally unstable gas, but these layers are often widened by the turbulence, and penetrate deep into the clumps. (4) The clumps are approximately in both ram and thermal pressure balance with their surroundings, a condition which causes their internal Mach numbers to be comparable to the bulk Mach number of the colliding WNM flows. (5) The clumps typically have mean temperatures 20 < T < 50 K, corresponding to the wide range of densities they contain (20 < n < 5000 pcc) under a nearly-isothermal equation of state. (6) The turbulent ram pressure fluctuations of the WNM induce density fluctuations that then serve as seeds for local gravitational collapse within the clumps. (7) The velocity and magnetic fields tend to be aligned with each other within the clumps, although both are significantly fluctuating, suggesting that the velocity tends to stretch and align the magnetic field with it. (8) The typical mean field strength in the clumps is a few times larger than that in the WNM. (9) The magnetic field strength has a mean value of B ~ 6 mu G ...
An S-shaped outflow from IRAS 03256+3055 in NGC 1333
NGC 1333恒星形成区的IRAS源03256+3055与复杂形态的扩展亚毫米辐射有关,显示出多个团块。其中之一与H_α和[SII]发射线以及K带H2发射线中所见的S形形态双极喷流的驱动源相吻合。详细的图像的驱动源在H_α和[SII]的波长和在I,J,H,K波段以及K波段光谱和偏振进行了讨论。近红外形态的特征在于从射流的线发射和从具有陡峭的连续光谱的源的散射光的组合。本文讨论了具有旋进盘的双星系统中喷流的形态和自行。我们的结论是,与IRAS 03256+3055相关的分子核心由几个团块组成,其中只有一个团块在光学和近红外波长显示了最近恒星形成的证据。我们还简要讨论了第二个,新发现的近红外源,与IRAS 03256+3055附近的紧凑亚毫米连续源相关,并得出结论,该来源可能与分子团簇在物理上无关。
Observations and modelling of a clumpy galaxy at z=1.6: Spectroscopic clues to the origin and evolution of chain galaxies
我们研究了红移为1.57的团簇星系的性质。在光学观测中,这个星系的形态主要是由8个恒星形成的团块所控制,并具有大多数团块星系和链星系的典型光度特性。它复杂的不对称形态使人们认为这个系统是几个最初分离的原星系的合并。我们在VLT UT 4上用SINFONI对该系统进行了H_α积分场谱分析。这些观测结果揭示了整个系统的大尺度速度梯度,但具有大的局部运动学扰动。利用一个富气盘碎裂的数值模型,我们发现,团块的相互作用和迁移可以解释所观察到的扰动旋转。另一方面,对于多重合并系统,不期望全局旋转。我们进一步发现,该系统遵循恒星质量与金属丰度,恒星形成率和大小的关系,预期在这个红移的磁盘,并表现出类似磁盘的径向金属丰度梯度,使内部磁盘碎片的情况是最有可能的。在这个原螺旋星云中,一个红色的金属中心集中区似乎是一个凸起。在同一视场中,一个红移为2.07的链状星系也显示出类似圆盘的旋转。这样的系统很可能是现在明亮的螺旋星系的祖先,通过团块迁移和分裂形成指数盘,并为它们的膨胀提供燃料。我们目前的研究结果表明,扰动的形态和运动学并不一定是星系合并和相互作用的标志,而可能是原始盘内部演化的结果。
Three-dimensional MHD simulations of Radiatively cooling, Pulsed Jets
本文通过全三维光滑粒子磁流体动力学数值模拟,研究了不同初始磁场拓扑结构和强度($B \simeq 260 μ$ G-0)下,磁场对过密、辐射冷却脉冲射流的影响。先前在涉及不同磁场配置的2-D模拟中检测到的相对差异在3-D流中减小。虽然存在的环形磁组件可以修改的形态接近的喷射头抑制其碎片在早期的射流演化,如以前在文献中报道的,脉冲诱导的内部结的影响导致出现一个复杂的形态在喷射头(所需的观察H-H射流),即使在MHD射流模型与环形组件。磁场的存在也可以显著改变内部工作表面的详细结构和发射特性。磁场强度的增加改善了射流准直性,并放大了密度(放大倍数高达1.4和4)和Hα $ intensity (by factors up to 4, and 5) behind the knots of jets with helical field and $ β \simeq 1-0.1 $ (respectively), relative to a non magnetic jet. As a consequence, the corresponding $ I_{[SII]} }/ I_{H} α} $ ratio (which is frequently used to determine the excitation level of HH objects) can be decreased…