信任的动态性、稳健性和脆弱性
Dynamics, robustness and fragility of trust
摘要：
信任通常是通过授权或推荐来传达的。这使得处理和发布信任建议的信任机构成为攻击和欺骗的有吸引力的目标。在最近的一些经验研究中，这被证明会导致一个显着的“逆向选择”现象：在拥有某些类型的信任证书的人中，发现不可靠或恶意的网络商人的比例更大，然后是那些没有的人。虽然这些发现可以归因于信托机构缺乏勤勉，甚至是利益冲突，但我们对信托动态的分析表明，即使信托机构非常勤勉，公共信托网络也可能仍然很脆弱。原因在于，如果信任不经常被破坏，信任建立的过程自然会导致幂律分布：富人更富，信任吸引更多的信任。这种分布的进化过程，在自然界中无处不在，被称为是强大的随机故障，但容易受到自适应攻击。本文提出了一些降低信任构建脆弱性的方法，并提出了一些探索性的思路。
英文摘要：
Trust is often conveyed through delegation, or through recommendation. This makes the trust authorities, who process and publish trust recommendations, into an attractive target for attacks and spoofing. In some recent empiric studies, this was shown to lead to a remarkable phenomenon of *adverse selection*: a greater percentage of unreliable or malicious web merchants were found among those with certain types of trust certificates, then among those without. While such findings can be attributed to a lack of diligence in trust authorities, or even to conflicts of interest, our analysis of trust dynamics suggests that public trust networks would probably remain vulnerable even if trust authorities were perfectly diligent. The reason is that the process of trust building, if trust is not breached too often, naturally leads to power-law distributions: the rich get richer, the trusted attract more trust. The evolutionary processes with such distributions, ubiquitous in nature, are known to be robust with respect to random failures, but vulnerable to adaptive attacks. We recommend some ways to decrease the vulnerability of trust building, and suggest some ideas for exploration.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
