统一基本耦合的宇宙学和近代时间变化
Unifying cosmological and recent time variations of fundamental couplings
摘要：
关于基本常数随时间变化的一些正结果和零结果已经被报道。很难判断这些说法是否相互一致，因为可观测的量取决于几个参数，即耦合强度和粒子质量。这些耦合参数在宇宙学历史上的演化也是先验未知的。直接比较需要耦合之间的关系。我们探讨了几个不同的方案的基础上统一的规范耦合，提供了一个代表性的（但不是详尽无遗的）样本，这种关系。对于每种情况下，我们得到一个特征的时间依赖性，并讨论是否允许单调的时间演变。对于所有的情况，不同的观察之间出现了一些矛盾。我们展示了如何一个明确的观测确定的非零变化将测试的主导机制，不同的耦合统一理论。
英文摘要：
A number of positive and null results on the time variation of fundamental constants have been reported. It is difficult to judge whether or not these claims are mutually consistent, since the observable quantities depend on several parameters, namely the coupling strengths and masses of particles. The evolution of these coupling-parameters over cosmological history is also a priori unknown. A direct comparison requires a relation between the couplings. We explore several distinct scenarios based on unification of gauge couplings, providing a representative (though not exhaustive) sample of such relations. For each scenario we obtain a characteristic time dependence and discuss whether a monotonic time evolution is allowed. For all scenarios, some contradictions between different observations appear. We show how a clear observational determination of non-zero variations would test the dominant mechanism of varying couplings within unified theories.
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