天空中的粒子物理学和地下天体物理学：连接宇宙的最大和最小尺度
Particle Physics in the Sky and Astrophysics Underground: Connecting the Universe's Largest and Smallest Scales
摘要：
粒子作为天文信使具有巨大的潜力，相反，研究整个宇宙也教会我们粒子物理学。本论文涵盖了这两个研究方向。许多模型预测了来自活动星系核和其他天体物理源的高能中微子的扩散通量。本论文的“地下天体物理学”部分描述了通过使用Super-K探测器寻找非常高能量的上行μ子来寻找这种中微子通量。除了用粒子做天文学，我们还可以把宇宙本身当作一个粒子物理实验室。本论文的“天空中的粒子物理学”部分着重于从星系巡天中提取宇宙学信息。为了克服最新星系巡天所面临的技术挑战，我们对mangle进行了全面升级，这是一个软件包，可以处理天空中定义巡天区域的角掩模。我们添加了更快的算法和新的有用功能，这些功能对于管理当前和下一代星系调查的复杂掩码是必要的。有了这个软件，我们利用SDSS数据，通过研究相对偏差，即，不同类型星系之间的关系。通过亮度和颜色将星系分开揭示了一个复杂的画面：红色星系比蓝色星系聚集得更强，最亮和最暗的红色星系都显示出最强的聚集。此外，红色和蓝色星系倾向于占据不同的空间区域。为了在下一代星系巡天中进行精确测量，必须考虑到这种复杂性。
英文摘要：
Particles have tremendous potential as astronomical messengers, and conversely, studying the universe as a whole also teaches us about particle physics. This thesis encompasses both of these research directions. Many models predict a diffuse flux of high energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei and other astrophysical sources. The "Astrophysics Underground" portion of this thesis describes a search for this neutrino flux performed by looking for very high energy upward-going muons using the Super-K detector. In addition to using particles to do astronomy, we can also use the universe itself as a particle physics lab. The "Particle Physics in the Sky" portion of this thesis focuses on extracting cosmological information from galaxy surveys. To overcome technical challenges faced by the latest galaxy surveys, we produced a comprehensive upgrade to mangle, a software package that processes the angular masks defining the survey area on the sky. We added dramatically faster algorithms and new useful features that are necessary for managing complex masks of current and next-generation galaxy surveys. With this software in hand, we utilized SDSS data to investigate the relation between galaxies and dark matter by studying relative bias, i.e., the relation between different types of galaxies. Separating galaxies by their luminosities and colors reveals a complicated picture: red galaxies are clustered more strongly than blue galaxies, with both the brightest and the faintest red galaxies showing the strongest clustering. Furthermore, red and blue galaxies tend to occupy different regions of space. In order to make precise measurements from the next generation of galaxy surveys, it will be essential to account for this complexity.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
