身体计划的网络演变
Network Evolution of Body Plans
摘要：
节肢动物胚胎发生中的分割是一个众所周知的身体平面多样性的例子。条纹图案的基因表达，导致未来的身体节出现同时或顺序分别在长和短胚带的发展。与条纹形成相关的调控基因在节肢动物中是进化上保守的，因此所观察到的性状的差异被认为源于基因的连接方式。为了揭示网络结构中的基本差异，我们在数字上进化了数百个基因调控网络，这些网络产生了基因表达的条纹模式。通过对生成网络拓扑结构的分析，我们发现长胚带和短胚带发育过程中条纹形成的特征分别由前馈环（FFL）和负反馈环（FFL）决定。人工进化网络的网络结构、基因表达模式和敲除反应与果蝇和赤拟谷盗中报道的一致。对于其他节肢动物物种，主要的网络架构，仍然在很大程度上未知的预测。
英文摘要：
Segmentation in arthropod embryogenesis represents a well-known example of body plan diversity. Striped patterns of gene expression that lead to the future body segments appear simultaneously or sequentially in long and short germ-band development, respectively. Regulatory genes relevant for stripe formation are evolutionarily conserved among arthropods, therefore the differences in the observed traits are thought to have originated from how the genes are wired. To reveal the basic differences in the network structure, we have numerically evolved hundreds of gene regulatory networks that produce striped patterns of gene expression. By analyzing the topologies of the generated networks, we show that the characteristics of stripe formation in long and short germ-band development are determined by Feed-Forward Loops (FFLs) and negative Feed-Back Loops (FBLs) respectively. Network architectures, gene expression patterns and knockout responses exhibited by the artificially evolved networks agree with those reported in the fly Drosophila melanogaster and the beetle Tribolium castaneum. For other arthropod species, principal network architectures that remain largely unknown are predicted.
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