结馈电桥模型中的自发对称性破缺
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a bridge model fed by junctions
摘要：
我们介绍了一类一维模型模仿一个单车道的桥梁，两个路口和两个粒子物种在相反的方向驱动。该模型表现出自发对称性破缺（SSB）的注射/提取率的范围。在该阶段，两种物质的稳态电流不相等。此外，还存在对称破缺相与对称相共存的共存区。沿着提取率变化的路径，保持注入率固定且较大，发生滞后。平均场相图的计算和支持蒙特卡罗模拟。其中一条转变线表现出扭结，这是平衡相变的转变线中不存在的特征。
英文摘要：
We introduce a class of 1D models mimicking a single-lane bridge with two junctions and two particle species driven in opposite directions. The model exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) for a range of injection/extraction rates. In this phase the steady state currents of the two species are not equal. Moreover there is a co-existence region in which the symmetry broken phase co-exists with a symmetric phase. Along a path in which the extraction rate is varied, keeping the injection rate fixed and large, hysteresis takes place. The mean field phase diagram is calculated and supporting Monte-Carlo simulations are presented. One of the transition lines exhibits a kink, a feature which cannot exist in transition lines of equilibrium phase transitions.
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