Lambda的试金石
A litmus test for Lambda
摘要：
当今宇宙学的关键问题在于确定宇宙学常数是否是暗能量的基本成分。我们对暗能量物理学的深刻缺乏理解，严重限制了我们对它可能的动力学性质发表任何看法的能力。状态方程w（z）的引用错误严重依赖于必然过度简化的参数化，它们有可能变得毫无意义。此外，重建的w（z）与物质和曲率密度之间存在简并，这进一步削弱了任何结论。我们提出了一致性测试的宇宙学常数提供了一个直接的观测信号，如果λ是错误的，无论物质的密度和曲率。作为其实用性的一个例子，我们的平面案例测试可以警告在4-sigma时SNAP质量数据从w（z）=-1的20%的小转变，即使直接重建技术几乎没有发现偏离Lambda的证据。它成功地排除了广泛的非λ暗能量模型，不依赖于使用SNAP质量数据的Omega_m知识，并且使用LSST预测的10^5超新星的范围很大。
英文摘要：
The critical issue in cosmology today lies in determining if the cosmological constant is the underlying ingredient of dark energy. Our profound lack of understanding of the physics of dark energy places severe constrains on our ability to say anything about its possible dynamical nature. Quoted errors on the equation of state, w(z), are so heavily dependent on necessarily over-simplified parameterisations they are at risk of being rendered meaningless. Moreover, the existence of degeneracies between the reconstructed w(z) and the matter and curvature densities weakens any conclusions still further. We propose consistency tests for the cosmological constant which provide a direct observational signal if Lambda is wrong, regardless of the densities of matter and curvature. As an example of its utility, our flat case test can warn of a small transition from w(z)=-1 of 20% from SNAP quality data at 4-sigma, even when direct reconstruction techniques see virtually no evidence for deviation from Lambda. It is shown to successfully rule out a wide range of non-Lambda dark energy models with no reliance on knowledge of Omega_m using SNAP-quality data and a large range for using 10^5 supernovae as forecasted for LSST.
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