适宜居住的气候：倾角的影响
Habitable Climates: The Influence of Obliquity
摘要：
太阳系外的类地行星有可能孕育生命，它们可能有很大的相似度，或者有很强的相似度变化。我们重新考虑斜行行星的可居住性与能量平衡气候模型（EBM）允许动态过渡到冰覆盖的雪球状态作为冰的反馈的结果。尽管我们的EBM非常简单，但它相当好地捕捉了地球表面全球能量通量的季节性循环。它也表现出令人满意的全物理气候模型的高度倾斜的类地行星，在一个不寻常的制度，从两极到赤道的热传输为主的流通。倾斜类地行星上的气候可能会在其大部分季节循环中破坏全球辐射平衡，这限制了简单辐射平衡论点的有用性。高密度行星的气候恶劣，季节变化幅度大，但它们不一定比低密度行星更容易发生全球性的雪球转变。我们发现，类地行星与大量的二氧化碳大气，通常预计在外部地区的宜居带，也可以受到这种动态雪球过渡。一些雪球气候调查的二氧化碳丰富的大气经历部分大气崩溃。由于长期的二氧化碳大气积累对宜居行星起着气候恒温器的作用，部分二氧化碳崩溃可能会限制这些行星的宜居性。因此，类地行星的可居住性可能敏感地取决于其短期的气候稳定性。
英文摘要：
Extrasolar terrestrial planets with the potential to host life might have large obliquities or be subject to strong obliquity variations. We revisit the habitability of oblique planets with an energy balance climate model (EBM) allowing for dynamical transitions to ice-covered snowball states as a result of ice-albedo feedback. Despite the great simplicity of our EBM, it captures reasonably well the seasonal cycle of global energetic fluxes at Earth's surface. It also performs satisfactorily against a full-physics climate model of a highly oblique Earth-like planet, in an unusual regime of circulation dominated by heat transport from the poles to the equator. Climates on oblique terrestrial planets can violate global radiative balance through much of their seasonal cycle, which limits the usefulness of simple radiative equilibrium arguments. High obliquity planets have severe climates, with large amplitude seasonal variations, but they are not necessarily more prone to global snowball transitions than low obliquity planets. We find that terrestrial planets with massive CO2 atmospheres, typically expected in the outer regions of habitable zones, can also be subject to such dynamical snowball transitions. Some of the snowball climates investigated for CO2-rich atmospheres experience partial atmospheric collapse. Since long-term CO2 atmospheric build-up acts as a climatic thermostat for habitable planets, partial CO2 collapse could limit the habitability of such planets. A terrestrial planet's habitability may thus depend sensitively on its short-term climatic stability.
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