量子光学中的几何势：半经典解释
Geometric potentials in quantum optics: A semi-classical interpretation
摘要：
我们提出了一个半经典的解释的几何标量和矢量的潜力，由于Berry的相位时，原子在光场中缓慢移动。从完整的量子哈密顿开始，我们转向原子质心运动的经典描述，同时仍然将内部自由度视为量子变量。我们证明了标量势可以看作是辐射力的量子涨落引起的原子微运动的动能，而洛伦兹型力则是运动诱导的原子内部态微扰的结果.对于一个特定的配置，涉及到两个反向传播的高斯激光束，我们涉及的几何力的辐射压力和偶极力从量子光学。本文的分析提供了简单的物理图像，可以帮助设计和实施新的几何力。
英文摘要：
We propose a semi-classical interpretation of the geometric scalar and vector potentials that arise due to Berry's phase when an atom moves slowly in a light field. Starting from the full quantum Hamiltonian, we turn to a classical description of the atomic centre-of-mass motion while still treating the internal degrees of freedom as quantum variables. We show that the scalar potential can be identified as the kinetic energy of an atomic micro-motion caused by quantum fluctuations of the radiative force, and that the Lorentz-type force appears as a result of the motion-induced perturbation of the internal atomic state. For a specific configuration involving two counter-propagating Gaussian laser beams, we relate the geometric forces to the radiation pressure and dipole forces known from quantum optics. The simple physical pictures provided by the present analysis may help for the design and the implementation of novel geometric forces.
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