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arXiv 0807.3703astro-ph
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类星体中吸积盘的红外特征蓝谱

The characteristic blue spectra of accretion disks in quasars as uncovered in the infrared

Makoto Kishimoto, Robert Antonucci, Omer Blaes, Andy Lawrence, Catherine Boisson, Marcus Albrecht, Christian Leipski

备注：
published in Nature, 24 July 2008 issue. Supplementary Information can be found at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/suppl_info.pdf Published version can be accessed from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v454/n7203/pdf/nature07114.pdf
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摘要：

类星体被认为是由超大质量黑洞吸积周围的气体提供动力的。这幅图的中心是一个假定的吸积盘，它被认为是大部分辐射输出的来源。然而，众所周知，研究最广泛的圆盘模型-一个光学厚的圆盘，由于引力结合能的耗散而被局部加热-显然在几个主要方面与观测结果相矛盾。特别是，该模型预测了一个特定的蓝色光谱形状渐近从可见光到近红外，但这是不是一般在可见光波长区域，其中光盘光谱是可观察到的。一个关键的困难是，朝向红外线，盘光谱开始隐藏在来自更大但迄今尚未解决的尺度的强烈热尘埃辐射之下，因此基本上不可能观察到。在这里，我们报告的观测偏振光内部的尘埃发射区域，使我们能够揭示这种近红外光盘光谱在几个类星体。揭示的光谱表明，近红外磁盘光谱确实是蓝色的预测。这表明，至少对于外部近红外发射半径来说，局部加热盘的标准图片是大致正确的。在较短波长的模型问题，然后应针对一个更好地了解揭示磁盘的内部部分。新发现的大半径圆盘发射，随着未来更多的测量，也将对圆盘如何结束以及在哪里结束的未回答的关键问题提供全新的见解。

英文摘要：

Quasars are thought to be powered by supermassive black holes accreting surrounding gas. Central to this picture is a putative accretion disk which is believed to be the source of the majority of the radiative output. It is well known, however, that the most extensively studied disk model -- an optically thick disk which is heated locally by the dissipation of gravitational binding energy -- is apparently contradicted by observations in a few major respects. In particular, the model predicts a specific blue spectral shape asymptotically from the visible to the near-infrared, but this is not generally seen in the visible wavelength region where the disk spectrum is observable. A crucial difficulty was that, toward the infrared, the disk spectrum starts to be hidden under strong hot dust emission from much larger but hitherto unresolved scales, and thus has essentially been impossible to observe. Here we report observations of polarized light interior to the dust-emiting region that enable us to uncover this near-infrared disk spectrum in several quasars. The revealed spectra show that the near-infrared disk spectrum is indeed as blue as predicted. This indicates that, at least for the outer near-infrared-emitting radii, the standard picture of the locally heated disk is approximately correct. The model problems at shorter wavelengths should then be directed toward a better understanding of the inner parts of the revealed disk. The newly uncovered disk emission at large radii, with more future measurements, will also shed totally new light on the unanswered critical question of how and where the disk ends.

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