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arXiv 0807.0940astro-ph
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扩散分子云中CO和H_2的紫外巡天:两种光化学状态在绝对关系中的反映

Ultraviolet Survey of CO and H_2 in Diffuse Molecular Clouds: The Reflection of Two Photochemistry Regimes in Abundance Relationships

Y. Sheffer, M. Rogers, S. R. Federman, N. P. Abel, R. Gredel, D. L. Lambert, G. Shaw

摘要:

为了详细探索CO和H_2之间的关系,我们沿着弥漫的分子银河系视线对^12CO和H_2柱密度进行了全面的远紫外(UV)观测。我们从HST光谱中测量了新的CO丰度,从FUSE数据中测量了新的H_2丰度,从McDonald和欧洲南方天文台测量了新的CH、CH^+和CN丰度。log N(CO)与log N(H_2)的关系图表明,要想很好地拟合整个样品,需要两个幂律关系,其中一个突变点位于log N(CO,cm^-2)= 14.1和log N(H_2)= 20.4处,这对应于高密度气体中CO生成途径的变化。所有五种双原子分子的相似对数图使我们能够探索它们之间的关系,揭示了CO与CH(在log N = 14.1,13.0处断裂)、CH^+与H_2(13.1,20.3)和CH^+与CO(13.2,14.1)的双斜率的其他例子。这些断裂彼此非常一致,证实了CO与H_2关系的断裂,以及CH和H_2丰度之间的一一对应。我们的新视线是根据光谱中CO的可探测量选择的,它们提供了低密度(< 100 cm^-3)和高密度漫射云的信息。CO与H_2的关联式及其本征宽度与样品各视线间总气体密度的变化有经验关系。我们采用分析和数值化学方案,以获得分子环境的细节。在低密度气体中,平衡化学研究未能再现CH^+的丰度,我们的数值分析表明,必须采用非平衡化学来正确预测CH^+和CO的丰度。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We carried out a comprehensive far-ultraviolet (UV) survey of ^12CO and H_2 column densities along diffuse molecular Galactic sight lines in order to explore in detail the relationship between CO and H_2. We measured new CO abundances from HST spectra, new H_2 abundances from FUSE data, and new CH, CH^+, and CN abundances from the McDonald and European Southern Observatories. A plot of log N(CO) versus log N(H_2) shows that two power-law relationships are needed for a good fit of the entire sample, with a break located at log N(CO, cm^-2) = 14.1 and log N(H_2) = 20.4, corresponding to a change in production route for CO in higher-density gas. Similar logarithmic plots among all five diatomic molecules allow us to probe their relationships, revealing additional examples of dual slopes in the cases of CO versus CH (break at log N = 14.1, 13.0), CH^+ versus H_2 (13.1, 20.3), and CH^+ versus CO (13.2, 14.1). These breaks are all in excellent agreement with each other, confirming the break in the CO versus H_2 relationship, as well as the one-to-one correspondence between CH and H_2 abundances. Our new sight lines were selected according to detectable amounts of CO in their spectra and they provide information on both lower-density (< 100 cm^-3) and higher-density diffuse clouds. The CO versus H_2 correlation and its intrinsic width are shown to be empirically related to the changing total gas density among the sight lines of the sample. We employ both analytical and numerical chemical schemes in order to derive details of the molecular environments. In the low-density gas, where equilibrium-chemistry studies have failed to reproduce the abundance of CH^+, our numerical analysis shows that nonequilibrium chemistry must be employed for correctly predicting the abundances of both CH^+ and CO.

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