离散谱系统的升温：二维电子在磁场中的谱扩散
Warming in systems with discrete spectrum: spectral diffusion of two dimensional electrons in magnetic field
摘要：
复杂物理系统中的变暖，特别是全球变暖，吸引了当代的重大兴趣。因此，了解导致过热的基本物理机制是至关重要的。众所周知，向导体施加电场会加热电荷载流子。电子温度的升高通常描述了加热的结果。本文论证了在具有离散电子谱的导体上施加电场，会产生一个不能用温度来描述的非平衡电子分布。这种电子分布极大地改变了磁场中高度移动的二维电子的电导率，迫使它们进入具有零微分电阻的状态。最重要的是，结果表明，在一般情况下，在系统中的有效过热与离散谱是显着强于系统中的连续和均匀分布的能级在相同的输入功率。
英文摘要：
Warming in complex physical systems, in particular global warming, attracts significant contemporary interest. It is essential, therefore, to understand basic physical mechanisms leading to overheating. It is well known that application of an electric field to conductors heats electric charge carriers. Often an elevated electron temperature describes the result of the heating. This paper demonstrates that an electric field applied to a conductor with discrete electron spectrum produces a non-equilibrium electron distribution, which cannot be described by temperature. Such electron distribution changes dramatically the conductivity of highly mobile two dimensional electrons in a magnetic field, forcing them into a state with a zero differential resistance. Most importantly the results demonstrate that, in general, the effective overheating in the systems with discrete spectrum is significantly stronger than the one in systems with continuous and homogeneous distribution of the energy levels at the same input power.
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