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arXiv 0807.0127astro-ph
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Sgr B2射电连续谱和分子谱线观测的解释:自由-自由和同步辐射,以及对宇宙射线的影响

Interpretation of radio continuum and molecular line observations of Sgr B2: free-free and synchrotron emission, and implications for cosmic rays

R. J. Protheroe, J. Ott, R. D. Ekers, D. I. Jones, R. M. Crocker

摘要:

最近银河系恒星形成区Sgr B2的氨(1,1)反演线数据表明,柱密度与径向高斯密度分布一致,标准偏差为2.75 pc。通过推导球形高斯云的维里质量公式,我们得到了Sgr B2的维里质量为190万太阳质量。对于这种物质分布,一个合理的磁场和太阳附近强度的宇宙射线的撞击通量,我们预测预期的同步辐射从Sgr B2巨大的分子云由于次级电子和正电子产生的宇宙射线相互作用,包括损失的影响,由于π介子生产碰撞扩散传播到云复杂。我们在330 MHz和230 GHz之间的频率收集无线电连续数据。从光谱能量分布来看,在所有频率下的发射似乎都是热的。在使用这些数据来约束预测的同步辐射通量之前,我们首先将光谱建模为来自已知超紧凑HII区域的自由-自由发射加上来自具有径向密度梯度的包络或风的发射。这严重限制了可能的同步辐射的次级电子相当低的通量水平。次级电子没有显著的贡献几乎可以肯定是由于多GeV能量的宇宙射线无法穿透到巨大的分子云中。这也可以解释为什么EGRET没有从Sgr B2中观测到100 MeV-GeV的伽马射线(来自中性π介子衰变或次级电子的韧致辐射),而观测到TeV能量的伽马射线,这是由更容易穿透巨大分子云的更高能量宇宙射线产生的。

英文摘要:

Recent ammonia (1,1) inversion line data on the Galactic star forming region Sgr B2 show that the column density is consistent with a radial Gaussian density profile with a standard deviation of 2.75 pc. Deriving a formula for the virial mass of spherical Gaussian clouds, we obtain a virial mass of 1.9 million solar masses for Sgr B2. For this matter distribution, a reasonable magnetic field and an impinging flux of cosmic rays of solar neighbourhood intensity, we predict the expected synchrotron emission from the Sgr B2 giant molecular cloud due to secondary electrons and positrons resulting from cosmic ray interactions, including effects of losses due to pion production collisions during diffusive propagation into the cloud complex. We assemble radio continuum data at frequencies between 330 MHz and 230 GHz. From the spectral energy distribution the emission appears to be thermal at all frequencies. Before using these data to constrain the predicted synchrotron flux, we first model the spectrum as free-free emission from the known ultra compact HII regions plus emission from an envelope or wind with a radial density gradient. This severely constrains the possible synchrotron emission by secondary electrons to quite low flux levels. The absence of a significant contribution by secondary electrons is almost certainly due to multi-GeV energy cosmic rays being unable to penetrate far into giant molecular clouds. This would also explain why 100 MeV--GeV gamma-rays (from neutral pion decay or bremsstrahlung by secondary electrons) were not observed from Sgr B2 by EGRET, while TeV energy gamma-rays were observed, being produced by higher energy cosmic rays which more readily penetrate giant molecular clouds.

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