We present a comprehensive study of the nature of the SDSS galaxies divided into various classes based on their morphology, colour, and spectral features. The SDSS galaxies are classified into early-type and late-type; red and blue; passive, HII, Seyfert, and LINER, returning a total of 16 fine classes of galaxies. We examine the luminosity dependence of seven physical parameters of galaxies in each class. We find that more than half of red early-type galaxies (REGs) have star formation or AGN activity, and that these active REGs have smaller axis ratio and bluer outside compared to the passive REGs. Blue early-type galaxies (BEGs) show structural features similar to those of REGs, but their centres are bluer than REGs. HII BEGs are found to have bluer centres than passive BEGs, but HII REGs have bluer outside than passive REGs. Bulge-dominated late-type galaxies have red colours. Passive red late-types are similar to REGs in several aspects. Most blue late-type galaxies (BLGs) have forming stars, but a small fraction of BLGs do not show evidence for current star formation activity. Differences of other physical parameters among different classes are inspected, and their implication on galaxy evolution is discussed.
We analyze the environmental dependence of galaxy morphology and colour with two-point clustering statistics, using data from the Galaxy Zoo, the largest sample of visually classified morphologies yet compiled, extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We present two-point correlation functions of spiral and early-type galaxies, and we quantify the correlation between morphology and environment with marked correlation functions. These yield clear and precise environmental trends across a wide range of scales, analogous to similar measurements with galaxy colours, indicating that the Galaxy …
Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the SDSS: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-sigmaV relations
我们利用最新的限制在斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)的早期型星系的年龄和金属丰度获得新的洞察到这些星系服从的两个基本关系的物理起源:颜色星等和Mg 2-sigmaV关系。我们的样本由26,003个星系组成,这些星系是根据它们的集中光分布从SDSS DR 2中选出的,我们以前已经推导出了恒星金属丰度、光加权年龄和恒星质量的中位似然估计。我们的分析提供了迄今为止最明确的证明,这两种关系主要是恒星质量的序列,以及总恒星金属丰度,α-元素-铁丰度比和轻重量年龄都随着质量沿两个关系增加。对于高质量的椭圆星系,年龄的离散度很小,与误差一致。在低质量端,有一条朝向年轻年龄的尾巴,它主导着固定质量下颜色和指数强度的分散。一个小的,但可检测的,内在的质量-金属丰度关系的散射也有助于在两个观测的标度关系的散射,即使在高质量。我们的研究结果表明,早型星系的化学成分与其动力学质量(包括恒星和暗物质)的关系比与恒星质量的关系更密切。在我们的样本中,恒星质量和动力学质量之间的比率似乎从质量最小的星系到质量最大的星系逐渐减小。
The huge size and uniformity of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey makes possible an exacting test of current models of galaxy formation. We compare the predictions of the GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy formation model for the luminosities, morphologies, colours and scale-lengths of local galaxies. GALFORM models the luminosity and size of the disk and bulge components of a galaxy, and so we can compute quantities which can be compared directly with SDSS observations, such as the Petrosian magnitude and the Sersic index. We test the predictions of two published models set in the cold dark matter cos…
Galaxy halo masses and satellite fractions from galaxy-galaxy lensing in the SDSS: stellar mass, luminosity, morphology, and environment dependencies
The relationship between galaxies and dark matter can be characterized by the halo mass of the central galaxy and the fraction of galaxies that are satellites. Here we present observational constraints from the SDSS on these quantities as a function of r-band luminosity and stellar mass using galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, with a total of 351,507 lenses. We use stellar masses derived from spectroscopy and virial halo masses derived from weak gravitational lensing to determine the efficiency with which baryons in the halo of the central galaxy have been converted into stars. We find that an L* gal…
从2dFGRS和SDSS公布的星系功率谱并不一致。我们通过分析2dFGRS和SDSS DR 5星表来重新讨论这个问题,使用基本相同的技术。我们确认,2dFGRS表现出相对更多的大尺度功率比SDSS,或者,等价地,SDSS具有更多的小尺度功率。我们证明,这种差异是由于r-波段选择SDSS目录被更强烈的红色星系团为主,由于这些星系有一个更强的规模依赖的偏见。两次巡天观测中具有相同静止坐标系颜色的星系的功率谱匹配得很好。因此,重要的是要准确地模拟尺度依赖的偏差,从这些功率谱得到准确的宇宙学参数的估计。
UV-optical colours as probes of early-type galaxy evolution
我们研究了SDSS DR 3中的~2100个早型星系,这些星系已被GALEX中等成像巡天(MIS)探测到,红移范围为0 < z < 0.11。结合GALEX紫外测光与SDSS的光学数据,我们发现,在95%的置信水平下,该样本中至少有30%的星系具有与最近在最后一个Gyr内形成的一些恒星一致的紫外光学颜色。特别是,NUV-r颜色小于5.5的星系很可能经历了这种最近的恒星形成,考虑到紫外线上升现象对NUV通量的贡献的可能性。我们发现观测结果和半解析LCDM分级合并模型的预测之间存在定量的一致性,并推断出在红移范围0 < z < 0.11的早型星系中,年龄小于1 Gyr的恒星质量约为恒星质量的1%至3%。这个新形成的人口的平均年龄约为3亿至5亿年。我们还发现,整体演化的星系,其中最近的恒星形成可以完全由恒星质量损失的再循环气体驱动,不能表现出在我们观察到的样本的显著部分(~ 30%)中看到的蓝色(NUV-r < 5.5)。
Statistical Properties of Bright Galaxies in the SDSS Photometric System
我们调查的光度学特性的456个明亮的星系使用的成像数据记录在调试阶段的斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)。形态学分类是通过几个人类分类器的相关结果来进行的。我们的目的是研究的统计特性的颜色指数,尺度长度,浓度指数的功能形态的SDSS光度系统。我们发现SDSS星系的$u'-g'$、$g'-r'$和$r'-i'$颜色与模板星系光谱能量分布的综合计算结果以及由附近星系的$UBVR_CI_C$颜色数据转换得到的结果吻合得很好。然而,对于$i'-z'$色带,一致性较差,相差$0.1-0.2$ ma g.借助于Kent(1985)得到的表面亮度与半径的关系,我们估计了$L^*$星系的早型星系有效半径和指数盘标度长度的平均值均为2.6kpc.我们发现,星系的半光半径略有依赖于颜色带,与预期的晚型星系的恒星形成区的分布和已知的颜色梯度的早型星系。我们还表明,(逆)浓度指数,定义的半光彼得罗相半径的90%光彼得罗相半径的比率,密切相关的形态类型,这个指数使我们能够将星系分为早期(E/S 0)和晚期(螺旋和不规则)类型,允许15-20%的污染,从相反的类相比,眼睛分类的形态。
The SDSS-GALEX viewpoint of the truncated red sequence in field environments at z~0
我们结合GALEX近紫外测光与本地(0.005<z<0.037)SDSS DR 4星系的体积有限的样本来检查的光学和紫外光学色星等(CM)图的组成和环境依赖性。我们发现在光学C-M图中约有30%的红序星系在EW(H α)>2A的光谱中显示出正在进行恒星形成的迹象。这种污染在微弱的星等(Mr>-19)和场区最大,在那里多达四分之三的红序星系正在形成恒星,因此对红序星系的建立有重要的影响。我们发现,NUV-r的颜色,而不是允许一个更强大的分离的被动发展和恒星形成的星系,这使得建立的紫外线选择的红色序列与红移和环境直接解释在组装的恒星质量在被动发展的星系。我们发现,在孤立场区,当星系的数量密度小于Mr~-19时迅速下降,在Mr~-18时出现完全截断。这证实了海恩斯等人(2007)的发现,即没有被动演化的矮星系被发现超过两个维里半径的大质量晕,无论是集团,集群或大质量星系。这些结果支持了缩小的范式,即红色序列是自上而下组装的,在z~1时已经在亮端占据了很大一部分位置,而暗端则通过与环境相关的过程(如冲压压力剥离或星系骚扰)在星系团和星系群中填充。