从MAGIC到CTA：INAF参与切伦科夫望远镜甚高能天体物理实验
From MAGIC to CTA: the INAF participation to Cherenkov Telescopes experiments for Very High Energy Astrophysics
摘要：
下一个十年可以被认为是伽马射线天文学的“黄金时代”，两颗伽马射线天文学卫星（AGILE和GLAST）在轨道上。因此，多亏了许多其他已经在轨道上的X射线实验（例如Swift，Chandra，NewtonXMM等）。我们将有可能第一次几乎同时地在整个电磁波谱上对宇宙进行成像。新一代的地面甚高频伽马射线仪器已准备好将观测波段也扩展到甚高频。意大利国家天体物理学研究所的科学家参与了许多空间和地面伽马射线实验，最近在大气成像切伦科夫望远镜领域，这种参与有了很大的改进。国家航空航天研究所现在是MAGIC合作项目的成员，正在参与第二台MAGIC望远镜的建造。MAGIC和其他IACT实验一样，不是作为一个天文台运行的，因此不存在适当的访客观测程序。因此，一个由欧洲科学家组成的联盟（包括INAF科学家）正在考虑设计一个新的研究基础设施：切伦科夫望远镜阵列（CTA）。CTA的设想是提供10倍的灵敏度，目前的仪器，结合增加的灵活性和增加的覆盖范围从大约10 GeV到大约100 TeV。CTA将作为一个天文台运行，为更广泛的天文学家和天体粒子物理学家社区服务。
英文摘要：
The next decade can be considered the "golden age" of the Gamma Ray Astronomy with the two satellites for Gamma Ray Astronomy (AGILE and GLAST) in orbit. Therefore, thanks to many other X-ray experiments already in orbit (e.g. Swift, Chandra, NewtonXMM, etc.) it will be possible to image the Universe for the first time all over the electromagnetic spectrum almost contemporarily. The new generations of ground-based very high gamma-ray instruments are ready to extend the observed band also to the very high frequencies. Scientists from the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) are involved in many, both space- and ground- based gamma ray experiments, and recently such an involvement has been largely improved in the field of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT). INAF is now member of the MAGIC collaboration and is participating to the realization of the second MAGIC telescope. MAGIC, as well other IACT experiments, is not operated as an observatory so a proper guest observer program does not exist. A consortium of European scientists (including INAF scientists) is thus now thinking to the design of a new research infrastructure: the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). CTA is conceived to provide 10 times the sensitivity of current instruments, combined with increased flexibility and increased coverage from some 10 GeV to some 100 TeV. CTA will be operated as an observatory to serve a wider community of astronomer and astroparticle physicists.
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