用ESO多共轭自适应光学演示器观测孤立中子星
Observations of Isolated Neutron Stars with the ESO Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Demonstrator
摘要：
高能观测揭示了特殊的孤立中子星，与射电望远镜不同，它们大多是无线电静默的，不受恒星旋转的影响。在这些天体中，有磁星、以瞬时X射线/伽马射线发射为特征的超磁化中子星，以及纯热的、在大多数情况下静止的X射线发射的中子星（又称，X射线暗淡孤立中子星或XDINS）。虽然磁星和XDINS的高能行为和年龄明显不同，但它们都具有相似的周期和异常高的磁场。这表明了一个诱人的方案，前者演变成后者。发现迄今为止未调查的相似性之间的多波长特性的这两个类将是一个进一步的步骤，以建立一个进化的情况。最有前途的通道是近红外（NIR）通道，我们在甚大望远镜（VLT）上用多共轭自适应光学演示器（MAD）观测了两个XDINS RX J0420.0 - 5022和RX J1856.5 - 3754作为仪器保证时间观测计划的一部分，寻找它们的近红外对应物。RX J1856.5 - 3754和RX J0420.0 - 5022均未检测到，分别低至K_s~20和Ks~21.5。为了限制XDINS和磁星之间的关系，进行更深的近红外观测是很重要的。一个很好的候选者是1RXS J214303.7 + 065419，它是具有最高推断磁场的XDINS。
英文摘要：
High-energy observations have unveiled peculiar classes of isolated neutron stars which, at variance with radio pulsars, are mostly radio silent and not powered by the star rotation. Among these objects are the magnetars, hyper-magnetized neutron stars characterized by transient X-ray/gamma-ray emission, and neutron stars with purely thermal, and in most cases stationary, X-ray emission (a.k.a., X-ray dim isolated neutron stars or XDINSs). While apparently dissimilar in their high-energy behavior and age, both magnetars and XDINSs have similar periods and unusually high magnetic fields. This suggests a tantalizing scenario where the former evolve into the latter.Discovering so far uninvestigated similarities between the multi-wavelength properties of these two classes would be a further step forward to establish an evolutionary scenario. A most promising channels is the near infrared (NIR) one, where magnetars are characterized by a distinctive spectral flattening with respect to the extrapolation of the soft X-ray spectrum.We observed the two XDINSs RX J0420.0-5022 and RX J1856.5-3754 with the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Demonstrator (MAD) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) as part of the instrument guaranteed time observations program, to search for their NIR counterparts. Both RX J1856.5-3754 and RX J0420.0-5022 were not detected down to K_s ~20 and Ks ~21.5, respectively. In order to constrain the relation between XDINSs and magnetars it would be of importance to perform deeper NIR observations. A good candidate is 1RXS J214303.7+065419 which is the XDINS with the highest inferred magnetic field.
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