非线性扩散激波加速下超新星遗迹宽带辐射的三维模型
3-D Model of Broadband Emission from Supernova Remnants Undergoing Non-linear Diffusive Shock Acceleration
摘要：
我们提出了一个三维模型的超新星遗迹（SNRs）的残留物的流体动力学演化建模一致的非线性扩散冲击加速发生在外部爆炸波。该模型包括粒子逃逸和扩散外的前向冲击波，粒子与任意分布的外部环境材料，如分子云的相互作用。我们包括同步辐射和冷却，韧致辐射，中性π介子生产，逆康普顿（IC），和库仑能量损失。板带光谱已计算出典型的参数，包括密集的区域的气体外部的1000岁的SNR。在本文中，我们描述了我们的模型的细节，但不试图详细适合任何特定的残数。我们也不包括磁场放大（MFA），即使这种影响可能是重要的，在一些年轻的残留物。在这个模型的第一次演示中，我们没有尝试对任何特定的残数进行详细的拟合。我们的目标是开发一个灵活的平台，它可以概括为包括MFA等效应，并且可以很容易地适应各种SNR环境，包括在恒定密度介质中爆炸的Ia型SNR和在超新星前风中爆炸的II型SNR。当应用到一个特定的SNR，我们的模型将预测宇宙射线光谱和多波长形态投影图像的仪器具有不同的空间和光谱分辨率。我们展示了这些光谱和图像的例子，并强调了在硬X射线，GeV和TeV的伽马射线波段的测量的重要性，用于调查加速机制中的关键成分，并推断TeV发射是否由IC从电子或中性π介子从质子产生。
英文摘要：
We present a 3-dimensional model of supernova remnants (SNRs) where the hydrodynamical evolution of the remnant is modeled consistently with nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration occuring at the outer blast wave. The model includes particle escape and diffusion outside of the forward shock, and particle interactions with arbitrary distributions of external ambient material, such as molecular clouds. We include synchrotron emission and cooling, bremsstrahlung radiation, neutral pion production, inverse-Compton (IC), and Coulomb energy-loss. Boardband spectra have been calculated for typical parameters including dense regions of gas external to a 1000 year old SNR. In this paper, we describe the details of our model but do not attempt a detailed fit to any specific remnant. We also do not include magnetic field amplification (MFA), even though this effect may be important in some young remnants. In this first presentation of the model we don't attempt a detailed fit to any specific remnant. Our aim is to develop a flexible platform, which can be generalized to include effects such as MFA, and which can be easily adapted to various SNR environments, including Type Ia SNRs, which explode in a constant density medium, and Type II SNRs, which explode in a pre-supernova wind. When applied to a specific SNR, our model will predict cosmic-ray spectra and multi-wavelength morphology in projected images for instruments with varying spatial and spectral resolutions. We show examples of these spectra and images and emphasize the importance of measurements in the hard X-ray, GeV, and TeV gamma-ray bands for investigating key ingredients in the acceleration mechanism, and for deducing whether or not TeV emission is produced by IC from electrons or neutral pions from protons.
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