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arXiv 0806.3692astro-phhep-phhep-th
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带电凝聚星和氦矮星

Charged Condensate and Helium Dwarf Stars

Gregory Gabadadze, Rachel A. Rosen

摘要:

由碳、氧或更重的元素组成的白矮星预计会在冷却到一定温度以下时结晶。然而,简单的论证表明,氦白矮星的核心可能不会凝固,主要是因为氦离子的零点振荡会溶解晶体结构。我们认为,氦矮星的内部可能会形成一个宏观量子态,其中带电的氦-4核处于玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中,而相对论性电子形成一个中和简并费米液体。我们讨论了这种物质的电荷屏蔽和光谱,表明玻色子长波长波动表现出质量间隙。因此,在低温下,玻色子对比热的贡献受到抑制--后者由费米表面附近电子的比热主导。这种物质状态可能具有观测特征。

英文摘要:

White dwarf stars composed of carbon, oxygen or heavier elements are expected to crystallize as they cool down below certain temperatures. Yet, simple arguments suggest that the helium white dwarf cores may not solidify, mostly because of zero-point oscillations of the helium ions that would dissolve the crystalline structure. We argue that the interior of the helium dwarfs may instead form a macroscopic quantum state in which the charged helium-4 nuclei are in a Bose-Einstein condensate, while the relativistic electrons form a neutralizing degenerate Fermi liquid. We discuss the electric charge screening, and the spectrum of this substance, showing that the bosonic long-wavelength fluctuations exhibit a mass gap. Hence, there is a suppression at low temperatures of the boson contribution to the specific heat -- the latter being dominated by the specific heat of the electrons near the Fermi surface. This state of matter may have observational signatures.

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