探测各种介质自由表面上的热波：表面起伏镜面反射光谱
Probing thermal waves on the free surface of various media: Surface Fluctuation Specular Reflection Spectroscopy
摘要：
热运动引起自由表面的波动;热激发波在这种表面上的传播取决于介质的力学性质。因此，它们的测量可以提供有关这些特性的信息。我们发展了一种探测自由表面热激发波的光学工具：表面起伏镜面反射（SFSR）光谱。它包括测量激光束位置的波动，激光束被镜面反射到介质的自由表面上，因此对该表面的粗糙度敏感。我们展示了如何测量的信号与介质属性。我们还提出了牛顿液体以及粘弹性固体上进行的测量，我们表明，在所有情况下，有一个很好的实验和计算光谱之间的协议。因此SFSR适用于广泛的材料。此外，它提供了一个非常好的时间分辨率，并应提供一个有用的工具，对复杂的流体动态测量。
英文摘要：
Thermal motion gives rise to fluctuations in free surfaces; the propagation of the thermally excited waves on such surfaces depends on the mechanical properties of the medium. Their measurement can therefore provide information on those properties. We have developed an optical tool to probe the thermally excited waves on free surfaces: Surface Fluctuation Specular Reflection (SFSR) spectroscopy. It consists in measuring the fluctuations in the position of a laser beam, which is specularly reflected onto the free surface of a medium, and is therefore sensitive to the roughness of that surface. We show how the measured signal is related to the medium properties. We also present measurements performed on Newtonian liquids as well as on a viscoelastic solid; we show that, in all cases, there is a very good agreement between experimental and computed spectra. SFSR thus applies to a broad range of materials. It moreover offers a very good temporal resolution and should provide a useful tool for dynamical measurements on complex fluids.
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